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Den straffande vändningen - En studie i kriminalpolitikens utveckling från 1960-talet tills idag med fokus på de unga lagöverträdarna

Kjellberg, Louise LU (2019) JURM02 20192
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
Young offenders have long been treated differently than adult offenders in the Swedish penal system. Anyone who commits crimes before the age of 21 is today treated differently both in terms of the sentencing measure and the choice of penalty. Among other things, the young offenders gets their sentence reduced by the so-called “penalty discount”. In December of 2018 a government department issued a proposal for the abolition of the penalty discount for young offenders between the ages of 18 and 20. The proposal would largely have the effect that the special treatment that young offenders today enjoy would be reduced from 21 to 18 years. From a legal point of view, the proposal has been met by a lot of criticism, as well as from a political... (More)
Young offenders have long been treated differently than adult offenders in the Swedish penal system. Anyone who commits crimes before the age of 21 is today treated differently both in terms of the sentencing measure and the choice of penalty. Among other things, the young offenders gets their sentence reduced by the so-called “penalty discount”. In December of 2018 a government department issued a proposal for the abolition of the penalty discount for young offenders between the ages of 18 and 20. The proposal would largely have the effect that the special treatment that young offenders today enjoy would be reduced from 21 to 18 years. From a legal point of view, the proposal has been met by a lot of criticism, as well as from a political perspective. The department behind the proposal has also concluded that there is no experience-based or empirical support for eliminating the penalty discount. Despite the criticism, the government has nevertheless chosen to proceed with the proposal.

In recent times, the crime policy in Sweden has been moving towards an increasingly harsher climate and is increasingly characterized by politicization, increased alarmism, sharpened punishment and an emotional rather than a rational attitude. The principles that have previously been the basis for the existence of the penal code now seem to weigh less heavily. Against this background, the aim of the thesis is to identify the reasons behind the development of a tougher political climate as regards criminality, which is illustrated through the proposal for a more restrictive penalty discount. In order to meet the purpose of the essay, the essay's overall question asks why the government is pursuing a legal reform that lacks empirical or experience-based support.

The analysis concludes that the development of criminal policy depends on several factors, noting that the criticism that emerged in relation to the special treatment of young offenders during the 1960s and 1970s appears to have played a particularly crucial role. The criticism that arises in the social debate seems to result in a lasting sense of pessimism that came to characterize the criminal policy field and eventually also the legal system.
In order to return the criminal policy to the state, a redefinition of the crime problem is made, which seems to have had the effect of making the crime problem perceived as more serious than it may actually be.

The analysis also pursues the argument that increased security in society has become a more important target for criminal policy than reduced crime, which in turn has had the effect of a reduced focus on the actual effectiveness of the criminal policy measures. The thesis concludes that the main task of politics is to respond to what the people want and the people appear to want a stricter approach and more restrictive penalty discount. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Unga lagöverträdare har sedan länge särbehandlats i det svenska påföljdssystemet. Den som begår brott innan 21 års ålder särbehandlas idag både beträffande straffmätningen och påföljdsvalet. Bland annat får den unge lagöverträdaren sitt straff reducerat genom den så kallade straffrabatten. I december 2018 utkom ungdomsreduktionsutredningen med ett förslag om slopad straffrabatt för unga lagöverträdare i åldern 18 – 20 år, vilket i stora drag skulle innebära att åldern för den särbehandling som unga lagöverträdare idag åtnjuter skulle sänkas från 21 till 18 år. Från juridiskt håll har förslaget mötts av en hel del kritik och från politiskt håll tycks det råda delade meningar om förslaget. Även ungdomsreduktionsutredningen själva konstaterar... (More)
Unga lagöverträdare har sedan länge särbehandlats i det svenska påföljdssystemet. Den som begår brott innan 21 års ålder särbehandlas idag både beträffande straffmätningen och påföljdsvalet. Bland annat får den unge lagöverträdaren sitt straff reducerat genom den så kallade straffrabatten. I december 2018 utkom ungdomsreduktionsutredningen med ett förslag om slopad straffrabatt för unga lagöverträdare i åldern 18 – 20 år, vilket i stora drag skulle innebära att åldern för den särbehandling som unga lagöverträdare idag åtnjuter skulle sänkas från 21 till 18 år. Från juridiskt håll har förslaget mötts av en hel del kritik och från politiskt håll tycks det råda delade meningar om förslaget. Även ungdomsreduktionsutredningen själva konstaterar att det inte finns något erfarenhetsbaserat eller empiriskt stöd för att slopa straffrabatten. Trots kritiken har regeringen ändå valt att gå vidare med förslaget.

På senare tid har kriminalpolitiken i Sverige gått mot ett allt hårdare klimat och utmärks alltmer av politisering, ökad alarmism, skärpta straff och en känslomässig snarare än en rationell hållning. De principer som tidigare har legat till grund för straffrabattens existens tycks nu väga mindre tungt. Med bakgrund av detta har uppsatsens syfte varit att i den kriminalpolitiska utvecklingen försöka finna de orsaker som kan tänkas ligga bakom det allt hårdare kriminalpolitiska klimatet som utvecklats med förslaget om slopad straffrabatt som exempel. För att tillgodose uppsatsens syfte har uppsatsens övergripande frågeställning varit hur det kan komma sig att regeringen väljer att gå vidare med ett förslag som det inte tycks finnas något empiriskt eller erfarenhetsbaserat stöd för att genomföra.

I analysen kommer jag fram till att den kriminalpolitiska utvecklingen beror på flera faktorer där den behandlingskritik som uppkommit under 1960- och 70-talet tycks ha haft en särskilt avgörande del i utvecklingen. Den behandlingskritik som uppstod i samhällsdebatten tycks ha resulterat i en bestående känsla av pessimism som kommit att prägla det kriminalpolitiska fältet och så småningom även rättssystemet som sådant. För att återbörda kriminalpolitiken till staten görs en omdefiniering av brottsproblemet vilket tycks få effekten att brottsproblemet upplevs som allvarligare än vad det kanske egentligen är.

I analysens avslutande del argumenterar jag även för att den ökade tryggheten i samhället har blivit ett viktigare mål för kriminalpolitiken än målet om minskad brottslighet vilket i sin tur har haft effekten av ett minskat fokus på den faktiska effektiviteten i de kriminalpolitiska åtgärderna. Avslutningsvis konstaterar jag att politikens främsta uppgift är att svara upp till vad folket vill ha och i det här fallet tycks folket vilja ha hårdare tag och en slopad straffrabatt. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Kjellberg, Louise LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The punitative turn - A study of the development of crime policy from 1960's til today in regards of the young criminal offenders
course
JURM02 20192
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, Criminal law, unga lagöverträdare, straffrabatt, kriminalpolitik
language
Swedish
id
9000455
date added to LUP
2020-02-03 10:28:12
date last changed
2020-02-03 10:28:12
@misc{9000455,
  abstract     = {{Young offenders have long been treated differently than adult offenders in the Swedish penal system. Anyone who commits crimes before the age of 21 is today treated differently both in terms of the sentencing measure and the choice of penalty. Among other things, the young offenders gets their sentence reduced by the so-called “penalty discount”. In December of 2018 a government department issued a proposal for the abolition of the penalty discount for young offenders between the ages of 18 and 20. The proposal would largely have the effect that the special treatment that young offenders today enjoy would be reduced from 21 to 18 years. From a legal point of view, the proposal has been met by a lot of criticism, as well as from a political perspective. The department behind the proposal has also concluded that there is no experience-based or empirical support for eliminating the penalty discount. Despite the criticism, the government has nevertheless chosen to proceed with the proposal.

In recent times, the crime policy in Sweden has been moving towards an increasingly harsher climate and is increasingly characterized by politicization, increased alarmism, sharpened punishment and an emotional rather than a rational attitude. The principles that have previously been the basis for the existence of the penal code now seem to weigh less heavily. Against this background, the aim of the thesis is to identify the reasons behind the development of a tougher political climate as regards criminality, which is illustrated through the proposal for a more restrictive penalty discount. In order to meet the purpose of the essay, the essay's overall question asks why the government is pursuing a legal reform that lacks empirical or experience-based support.

The analysis concludes that the development of criminal policy depends on several factors, noting that the criticism that emerged in relation to the special treatment of young offenders during the 1960s and 1970s appears to have played a particularly crucial role. The criticism that arises in the social debate seems to result in a lasting sense of pessimism that came to characterize the criminal policy field and eventually also the legal system. 
In order to return the criminal policy to the state, a redefinition of the crime problem is made, which seems to have had the effect of making the crime problem perceived as more serious than it may actually be. 

The analysis also pursues the argument that increased security in society has become a more important target for criminal policy than reduced crime, which in turn has had the effect of a reduced focus on the actual effectiveness of the criminal policy measures. The thesis concludes that the main task of politics is to respond to what the people want and the people appear to want a stricter approach and more restrictive penalty discount.}},
  author       = {{Kjellberg, Louise}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Den straffande vändningen - En studie i kriminalpolitikens utveckling från 1960-talet tills idag med fokus på de unga lagöverträdarna}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}