Kriminalisering av köp av sexuell tjänst - Den svenska modellen och dess gränser
(2020) LAGF03 20202Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- År 1999 kriminaliserade Sverige köp men inte försäljning av sexuell tjänst som första land i världen. Uppsatsen syftar till att förklara motiven bakom förbudet, utvärdera motivens uppfyllande genom kriminaliseringen och analysera kravet på dubbel straffbarhet i relation till motiven. Detta görs genom en rättsdogmatisk respektive en rättsanalytisk metod. Uppsatsen intar framförallt ett kritiskt perspektiv men har delvist ett internationellt perspektiv och inslag av ett komparativt perspektiv.
Den ensidiga kriminaliseringen motiverades av det faktum att den mest förekommande prostitutionen är den heterosexuella med en man som köpare och en kvinna som säljare och att de köpande männen är avsevärt större till antalet. Sverige avstod från... (More) - År 1999 kriminaliserade Sverige köp men inte försäljning av sexuell tjänst som första land i världen. Uppsatsen syftar till att förklara motiven bakom förbudet, utvärdera motivens uppfyllande genom kriminaliseringen och analysera kravet på dubbel straffbarhet i relation till motiven. Detta görs genom en rättsdogmatisk respektive en rättsanalytisk metod. Uppsatsen intar framförallt ett kritiskt perspektiv men har delvist ett internationellt perspektiv och inslag av ett komparativt perspektiv.
Den ensidiga kriminaliseringen motiverades av det faktum att den mest förekommande prostitutionen är den heterosexuella med en man som köpare och en kvinna som säljare och att de köpande männen är avsevärt större till antalet. Sverige avstod från att kriminalisera försäljning då sådan ofta görs av en socialt och ekonomiskt utsatt kvinna. Genom kriminaliseringen ville Sverige förflytta fokus till den köpande mannen och efterfrågan vilken trots allt är den upprätthållande faktorn. Kriminaliseringen som sådan syftade till att ha en avskräckande och normativ effekt. Kriminaliseringen syftade vidare till att markera mot andra stater att prostitution är oacceptabelt. Sverige intog inställningen att prostitution är en del av mäns våld mot kvinnor och ger uttryck för ojämställdhet på grund av dess skadliga effekter för både individ och samhälle.
I samband med kriminaliseringen konstaterades en minskning av den synliga gatuprostitutionen och en tydlig attitydförändring innebärande stöd för förbudet. Samtidigt förespråkade en majoritet av de tillfrågade även en kriminalisering av försäljning. Vad gäller effekterna för den dolda inomhusprostitutionen och internetprostitution var meningarna delade. Sammantaget bedömdes dock målen bakom motiven ha uppnåtts till viss del. Något som problematiserar uppfyllandet av målen är dock kravet på dubbel straffbarhet vilket hindrar att förbudet omfattar köp av sexuell tjänst i utlandet om landet i fråga saknar ett motsvarande förbud. Ett undantag från kravet är möjligt men kräver en intresseavvägning mellan folkrättsliga principer såsom non-intervention och legalitetsprincipen å ena sidan och förekomsten av bland annat internationell samsyn och gränsöverskridande karaktär å andra sidan. Intresseavvägningarna som gjorts hittills har resulterat i att inget undantag införts vilket innebär att köp av sexuell tjänst kan göras i utlandet utan att aktualisera straffansvar. (Less) - Abstract
- The year of 1999 Sweden was the first country in the world to criminalise the purchase but not the sale of sexual services. The purpose of the essay is to explain the motives behind the legislation, to evaluate the fulfilling of the motives through the legislation and to analyze the dual criminality requirement in relations to the motives. This is done through a legal dogmatic method and a legal analytic method. The essay has an overall critical perspective and elements of an international perspective and a comparative perspective.
The legislation criminalising the purchase but not the sale of sexual services was motivated by the fact the most common form of prostitution is the heterosexual with a buying man and a selling woman.... (More) - The year of 1999 Sweden was the first country in the world to criminalise the purchase but not the sale of sexual services. The purpose of the essay is to explain the motives behind the legislation, to evaluate the fulfilling of the motives through the legislation and to analyze the dual criminality requirement in relations to the motives. This is done through a legal dogmatic method and a legal analytic method. The essay has an overall critical perspective and elements of an international perspective and a comparative perspective.
The legislation criminalising the purchase but not the sale of sexual services was motivated by the fact the most common form of prostitution is the heterosexual with a buying man and a selling woman. Furthermore, the buying men are considerably larger in number compared to the selling women. Sweden refrained from criminalising the selling of sexual services due to the fact that it´s done by a socially and economically exposed woman most of the time. Through the legislation Sweden aimed to transfer focus to the buying man and the demand which after all is upholding the existing prostitution. The legislation intended to have a deterrent and normative effect. Furthermore, it intended to send a signal to other states that prostitution is unacceptable. Sweden was of the opinion that prostitution is a part of mens´ violence against women and that it expresses gender inequality due to its harmful effects on both individuals and the society.
The legislation was followed by a decrease of street prostitution and a clear change of attitude resulting in support for the criminalisation. At the same time a majority also supported a criminalisation of the sale of sexual services. The legislations effects on internet prostitution and other types of indoor prostitution were a bit more unclear and the apprehensions were divided. All together the conclusion could be drawn that the motives behind the legislation were partly fulfilled. However, the dual criminality requirement prevents the legislation from covering purchase of sexual services abroad if the country in question doesn´t have an equivalent legislation. An exception can be made but demands an adjustment due to conflicts of interest. On one hand there are principles in international law such as non-internvention and the principle of law which speaks against an exception. On the other hand, there are things such as international consensus, the nature of the crime and the perception of the crime as serious which must be considered and speaks for an exception. So far no exception has been made which means that a purchase of sexual services abroad can be made without being criminal. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9034387
- author
- Persson, Matilda LU
- supervisor
-
- Tova Bennet LU
- organization
- course
- LAGF03 20202
- year
- 2020
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- Straffrätt, Prostitution, Sexköp, Dubbel straffbarhet
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9034387
- date added to LUP
- 2021-02-09 11:40:52
- date last changed
- 2021-02-09 11:40:52
@misc{9034387,
abstract = {{The year of 1999 Sweden was the first country in the world to criminalise the purchase but not the sale of sexual services. The purpose of the essay is to explain the motives behind the legislation, to evaluate the fulfilling of the motives through the legislation and to analyze the dual criminality requirement in relations to the motives. This is done through a legal dogmatic method and a legal analytic method. The essay has an overall critical perspective and elements of an international perspective and a comparative perspective.
The legislation criminalising the purchase but not the sale of sexual services was motivated by the fact the most common form of prostitution is the heterosexual with a buying man and a selling woman. Furthermore, the buying men are considerably larger in number compared to the selling women. Sweden refrained from criminalising the selling of sexual services due to the fact that it´s done by a socially and economically exposed woman most of the time. Through the legislation Sweden aimed to transfer focus to the buying man and the demand which after all is upholding the existing prostitution. The legislation intended to have a deterrent and normative effect. Furthermore, it intended to send a signal to other states that prostitution is unacceptable. Sweden was of the opinion that prostitution is a part of mens´ violence against women and that it expresses gender inequality due to its harmful effects on both individuals and the society.
The legislation was followed by a decrease of street prostitution and a clear change of attitude resulting in support for the criminalisation. At the same time a majority also supported a criminalisation of the sale of sexual services. The legislations effects on internet prostitution and other types of indoor prostitution were a bit more unclear and the apprehensions were divided. All together the conclusion could be drawn that the motives behind the legislation were partly fulfilled. However, the dual criminality requirement prevents the legislation from covering purchase of sexual services abroad if the country in question doesn´t have an equivalent legislation. An exception can be made but demands an adjustment due to conflicts of interest. On one hand there are principles in international law such as non-internvention and the principle of law which speaks against an exception. On the other hand, there are things such as international consensus, the nature of the crime and the perception of the crime as serious which must be considered and speaks for an exception. So far no exception has been made which means that a purchase of sexual services abroad can be made without being criminal.}},
author = {{Persson, Matilda}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Kriminalisering av köp av sexuell tjänst - Den svenska modellen och dess gränser}},
year = {{2020}},
}