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Kvalificerade personaloptioner - Skatteverkets tolkning och ett ställningstagandes konsekvenser

Karlsson, Matilda LU (2020) LAGF03 20202
Faculty of Law
Department of Law
Abstract
Every year The Swedish Tax Agency publishes indicative documents regarding interpretation and application of specific tax rules. Among these documents are general advice (sw: allmänna råd) and The Swedish Tax Agency’s position (sw: ställningstaganden) about a certain legal issue. Usually, these publications ease the taxation procedure for the taxpayer since it enables him to predict how the agency will handle the matter. However, these written documents can also generate difficulties. That is the case when the Tax Agency’s position does not correspond with the assessment of the Supreme Administrative Court. The Swedish Tax Agency’s position and general advice is not a source of law and does not have to be considered by the court when... (More)
Every year The Swedish Tax Agency publishes indicative documents regarding interpretation and application of specific tax rules. Among these documents are general advice (sw: allmänna råd) and The Swedish Tax Agency’s position (sw: ställningstaganden) about a certain legal issue. Usually, these publications ease the taxation procedure for the taxpayer since it enables him to predict how the agency will handle the matter. However, these written documents can also generate difficulties. That is the case when the Tax Agency’s position does not correspond with the assessment of the Supreme Administrative Court. The Swedish Tax Agency’s position and general advice is not a source of law and does not have to be considered by the court when administering the law.

This essay originates from the ruling HFD 2020 ref. 39. The Supreme Administrative Court dealt with chapter 11a Income Tax Act (sw: Inkomstskattelagen (1999:1229)) and the regulation regarding qualified employee stock options (sw: kvalificerade personaloptioner). The rules are designed to favour startup companies to retain and recruit valuable competence. A qualified employee stock option entails a future opportunity for the employee to obtain a share in the company. Normally an employee stock option constitutes income from employment. For this reason, the stock option is a taxable benefit. The regulations regarding qualified employee stock options statutes an exception and imply that these employee stock options in certain cases shall be exempt from taxation. This relief in taxation is intended to be a possibility for companies with limited access to capital. Instead of offering higher salary, the company can make itself attractive and keep valuable labour by offering the acquisition of shares which are not taxable as earned income.

The Supreme Administrative Court had to decide whether employee stock options which gave the employee a right to obtain securities (sw: teckningsoptioner) which then led to acquisition of shares, were covered by the regulation. Such procedure had previously been denied by the Swedish Tax Agency in one of its positions. The Supreme Administrative Court, on the other hand, made an opposing assessment.

This essay finds that the distinction between general motives and special motives is crucial for the opposing interpretation results. The former can, unlike the latter, be considered legislative history and is therefore to be given significance when interpreting fiscal legislation. However, The Swedish Tax Agency’s positions and its lack of legal status does not mean that the court refrains from considering them. For this reason, they can still bring considerable consequences in reality. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Skatteverket publicerar varje år ett antal vägledande dokument beträffande tolkning och tillämpning av specifika skatterättsliga bestämmelser. Dessa allmänna råd och ställningstaganden underlättar många gånger för skattebetalaren eftersom det möjliggör för denne att på förhand ta reda på hur verket kommer att handlägga ett ärende. Besvärligare blir det när Skatteverkets uppfattning av gällande inte stämmer överens med Högsta förvaltningsdomstolens tolkning av samma rättsfråga. Skatteverkets allmänna råd och ställningstagande saknar status som rättskälla varför domstolarna inte skyldiga att beakta dessa vid rättstillämpningen.

Framställningen utgår från avgörandet HFD 2020 ref. 39. I målet aktualiserades 11a kap. inkomstskattelagen och... (More)
Skatteverket publicerar varje år ett antal vägledande dokument beträffande tolkning och tillämpning av specifika skatterättsliga bestämmelser. Dessa allmänna råd och ställningstaganden underlättar många gånger för skattebetalaren eftersom det möjliggör för denne att på förhand ta reda på hur verket kommer att handlägga ett ärende. Besvärligare blir det när Skatteverkets uppfattning av gällande inte stämmer överens med Högsta förvaltningsdomstolens tolkning av samma rättsfråga. Skatteverkets allmänna råd och ställningstagande saknar status som rättskälla varför domstolarna inte skyldiga att beakta dessa vid rättstillämpningen.

Framställningen utgår från avgörandet HFD 2020 ref. 39. I målet aktualiserades 11a kap. inkomstskattelagen och reglerna om kvalificerade personaloptioner. Reglerna avser att underlätta för unga, nyetablerade företag att behålla och rekrytera värdefull kompetens i företaget. En personaloption innebär en möjlighet för en anställd att i framtiden förvärva en andel i bolaget. En sådan rättighet är som huvudregel en förmån och ska följaktligen tas upp till beskattning i inkomstslaget tjänst. Bestämmelserna om kvalificerade personaloptioner utgör ett undantag och innebär att personaloptionen i vissa fall undantas beskattning. Beskattningslättnaderna är tänkta att utgöra en möjlighet för kapitalsvaga företag att attrahera nyckelpersoner att stanna, trots att bolaget inte kan erbjuda högre löneersättning.

Föremål för bedömning i målet var huruvida personaloptioner som gav den anställda rätt att erhålla teckningsoptioner, som i sin tur genererade andelar i företaget, kunde omfattas av regleringen. Den aktuella frågan hade tidigare besvarats nekande av Skatteverket. Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen gjorde däremot en annan bedömning.

Uppsatsen finner att distinktionen mellan å ena sidan allmänna motiv å andra sidan specialmotiv får betydelse för de motsatta tolkningsresultaten.
De förra har, till skillnad från de senare, förarbetsstatus och kan tillmätas betydelse vid skatterättslig tolkning. Ställningstagandets icke-rättsliga status innebär emellertid inte att domstolar avstår från att beakta dessa. Av den anledningen kan de likväl få genomslag i praktiken. (Less)
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author
Karlsson, Matilda LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20202
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
skatterätt, associationsrätt
language
Swedish
id
9034481
date added to LUP
2021-02-09 11:45:29
date last changed
2021-02-09 11:45:29
@misc{9034481,
  abstract     = {{Every year The Swedish Tax Agency publishes indicative documents regarding interpretation and application of specific tax rules. Among these documents are general advice (sw: allmänna råd) and The Swedish Tax Agency’s position (sw: ställningstaganden) about a certain legal issue. Usually, these publications ease the taxation procedure for the taxpayer since it enables him to predict how the agency will handle the matter. However, these written documents can also generate difficulties. That is the case when the Tax Agency’s position does not correspond with the assessment of the Supreme Administrative Court. The Swedish Tax Agency’s position and general advice is not a source of law and does not have to be considered by the court when administering the law.

This essay originates from the ruling HFD 2020 ref. 39. The Supreme Administrative Court dealt with chapter 11a Income Tax Act (sw: Inkomstskattelagen (1999:1229)) and the regulation regarding qualified employee stock options (sw: kvalificerade personaloptioner). The rules are designed to favour startup companies to retain and recruit valuable competence. A qualified employee stock option entails a future opportunity for the employee to obtain a share in the company. Normally an employee stock option constitutes income from employment. For this reason, the stock option is a taxable benefit. The regulations regarding qualified employee stock options statutes an exception and imply that these employee stock options in certain cases shall be exempt from taxation. This relief in taxation is intended to be a possibility for companies with limited access to capital. Instead of offering higher salary, the company can make itself attractive and keep valuable labour by offering the acquisition of shares which are not taxable as earned income. 

The Supreme Administrative Court had to decide whether employee stock options which gave the employee a right to obtain securities (sw: teckningsoptioner) which then led to acquisition of shares, were covered by the regulation. Such procedure had previously been denied by the Swedish Tax Agency in one of its positions. The Supreme Administrative Court, on the other hand, made an opposing assessment. 

This essay finds that the distinction between general motives and special motives is crucial for the opposing interpretation results. The former can, unlike the latter, be considered legislative history and is therefore to be given significance when interpreting fiscal legislation. However, The Swedish Tax Agency’s positions and its lack of legal status does not mean that the court refrains from considering them. For this reason, they can still bring considerable consequences in reality.}},
  author       = {{Karlsson, Matilda}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Kvalificerade personaloptioner - Skatteverkets tolkning och ett ställningstagandes konsekvenser}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}