Skip to main content

LUP Student Papers

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Självförvållat eller inte? - Om domstolarnas bedömning av ett tillstånd

Persson, Towa LU (2021) LAGF03 20212
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
Mentally disturbed offenders are treated differently in the Swedish legal system compared to other offenders. A historical review shows that the difference between the groups has varied over the years. At one point mentally disturbed offenders were released from criminal liability. Today, the so-called prison ban in The Swedish Penal Code (Penal Code) is applied. A difference between the two occurs when the court decides a sanction. The prohibition on imprisonment constitutes a presumption that another criminal sanction than imprisonment should be imposed in cases where the accused suffered from a serious mental disorder at the time of the crime. A precondition for the prohibition on imprisonment to be applied is that the defendant’s... (More)
Mentally disturbed offenders are treated differently in the Swedish legal system compared to other offenders. A historical review shows that the difference between the groups has varied over the years. At one point mentally disturbed offenders were released from criminal liability. Today, the so-called prison ban in The Swedish Penal Code (Penal Code) is applied. A difference between the two occurs when the court decides a sanction. The prohibition on imprisonment constitutes a presumption that another criminal sanction than imprisonment should be imposed in cases where the accused suffered from a serious mental disorder at the time of the crime. A precondition for the prohibition on imprisonment to be applied is that the defendant’s permit at the time of the crime was not self-inflicted. What constitutes a self-inflicted condition? How does the court make its assessment of whether a condition is self-inflicted or non-self-inflicted? Is there any uncertainty about the courts’ assessment of a permit? The purpose of this thesis is to answer these questions and clarify what applies.

In this thesis, the legal dogmatic method is mainly used, but a concept analysis is also implemented. The terms “self-inflicted” and “has inflicted oneself” are used in two separated legal provisions in Penal Code. The result of the concept analysis describes whether the legal meanings of the two concepts correspond in the different contexts in which they are presented.

The thesis states that there is uncertainty about the courts’ assessment of whether a condition is self-inflicted or non-self-inflicted. This leads to a lack of legal certainty. That this uncertainty prevails is above all based on the fact that it is neither regulated in legislation, practice nor noticed in the legal literature. The principle of the Court’s independent evaluation of evidence can also play a decisive role in the uncertainty of the courts. The principle means that it is up to the individual court to evaluate the evidence presented in a case. One consequence of the principle is that the court is not bound by what occurs in an examination conducted by a forensic psychiatrist. The examination can be carried out in cases where the defendant suffers from a serious mental disorder at the time om the crime. This can be problematic, but it can also have its benefits. One may therefore ask: “Should the principle be restricted?” (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Psykiskt störda lagöverträdare särbehandlas jämfört med övriga lagöverträdare i det svenska rättssystemet. Av en historisk tillbakablick framgår att skillnaden mellan grupperna har sett olika ut under årens lopp. Vid ett tillfälle gick psykiskt störda lagöverträdare fria från straffrättsligt ansvar. Idag tillämpas i stället det så kallade fängelseförbudet i 30 kap. 6 § BrB. Skillnad mellan de två görs således vid valet av påföljd. Fängelseförbudet utgör en presumtion om att annan straffrättslig påföljd än fängelse bör utdömas i de fall då den tilltalade led av en allvarlig psykisk störning vid brottstillfället. En förutsättning för att fängelseförbudet ska tillämpas är att den tilltalades tillstånd vid brottstillfället inte var... (More)
Psykiskt störda lagöverträdare särbehandlas jämfört med övriga lagöverträdare i det svenska rättssystemet. Av en historisk tillbakablick framgår att skillnaden mellan grupperna har sett olika ut under årens lopp. Vid ett tillfälle gick psykiskt störda lagöverträdare fria från straffrättsligt ansvar. Idag tillämpas i stället det så kallade fängelseförbudet i 30 kap. 6 § BrB. Skillnad mellan de två görs således vid valet av påföljd. Fängelseförbudet utgör en presumtion om att annan straffrättslig påföljd än fängelse bör utdömas i de fall då den tilltalade led av en allvarlig psykisk störning vid brottstillfället. En förutsättning för att fängelseförbudet ska tillämpas är att den tilltalades tillstånd vid brottstillfället inte var självförvållat. Vad utgör ett självförvållat tillstånd? Hur gör domstolen sin bedömning av om ett tillstånd är självförvållat eller icke-självförvållat? Råder det en osäkerhet kring domstolarnas bedömning av ett tillstånd? Syftet med denna uppsats är att besvara dessa frågor och klargöra vad som faktiskt gäller.

I uppsatsen används framför allt den rättsdogmatiska metoden men även en begreppsanalys genomförs. Begreppen ”självförvållat” och ”själv har vållat” används i 1 kap. 2 § 2 st. BrB respektive 30 kap. 6 § BrB. Resultatet av begreppsanalysen redogör om de två begreppens juridiska innebörd korresponderar i de olika kontexterna som de framställs i.

I uppsatsen konstateras att det råder en osäkerhet kring domstolarnas bedömning av om ett tillstånd är självförvållat eller icke-självförvållat. Detta medför en brist i rättssäkerheten. Att denna osäkerhet råder grundar sig framför allt i att det varken är reglerat i lagstiftning, praxis eller uppmärksammat i den juridiska litteraturen. Den fria bevisvärderingens princip kan även den ha en avgörande roll för domstolarnas osäkerhet. Principen innebär att det är upp till den enskilda domstolen att värdera det bevis som läggs fram i ett mål. En konsekvens av principen är att domstolar inte är bundna av det som framkommer i en rättspsykiatrisk undersökning. Undersökningen kan genomföras i fall där den tilltalade lider av en allvarlig psykisk störning vid brottstillfället. Detta kan vara problematiskt, men det kan även ha sina fördelar. Man kan därför fråga sig: ”Bör principen inskränkas?” (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Persson, Towa LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20212
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
straffrätt, självförvållat, icke-självförvållat, allvarlig psykisk störning, fängelseförbud, rättspsykiatrisk undersökning
language
Swedish
id
9070540
date added to LUP
2022-02-15 11:45:50
date last changed
2022-02-15 11:45:50
@misc{9070540,
  abstract     = {{Mentally disturbed offenders are treated differently in the Swedish legal system compared to other offenders. A historical review shows that the difference between the groups has varied over the years. At one point mentally disturbed offenders were released from criminal liability. Today, the so-called prison ban in The Swedish Penal Code (Penal Code) is applied. A difference between the two occurs when the court decides a sanction. The prohibition on imprisonment constitutes a presumption that another criminal sanction than imprisonment should be imposed in cases where the accused suffered from a serious mental disorder at the time of the crime. A precondition for the prohibition on imprisonment to be applied is that the defendant’s permit at the time of the crime was not self-inflicted. What constitutes a self-inflicted condition? How does the court make its assessment of whether a condition is self-inflicted or non-self-inflicted? Is there any uncertainty about the courts’ assessment of a permit? The purpose of this thesis is to answer these questions and clarify what applies. 

In this thesis, the legal dogmatic method is mainly used, but a concept analysis is also implemented. The terms “self-inflicted” and “has inflicted oneself” are used in two separated legal provisions in Penal Code. The result of the concept analysis describes whether the legal meanings of the two concepts correspond in the different contexts in which they are presented. 

The thesis states that there is uncertainty about the courts’ assessment of whether a condition is self-inflicted or non-self-inflicted. This leads to a lack of legal certainty. That this uncertainty prevails is above all based on the fact that it is neither regulated in legislation, practice nor noticed in the legal literature. The principle of the Court’s independent evaluation of evidence can also play a decisive role in the uncertainty of the courts. The principle means that it is up to the individual court to evaluate the evidence presented in a case. One consequence of the principle is that the court is not bound by what occurs in an examination conducted by a forensic psychiatrist. The examination can be carried out in cases where the defendant suffers from a serious mental disorder at the time om the crime. This can be problematic, but it can also have its benefits. One may therefore ask: “Should the principle be restricted?”}},
  author       = {{Persson, Towa}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Självförvållat eller inte? - Om domstolarnas bedömning av ett tillstånd}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}