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Give Peace a Chance: Resolutionerna om den olympiska vapenvilan och den internationella sedvanerätten

Süssner, Ivan LU (2022) LAGF03 20222
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
Resolutions are, by definition, non-binding recommendations, but are consi- dered in some cases to have a normative value, by becoming relevant for ascertaining the existence of a customary rule of international law or deve- loping opinion juris. Factors for determining whether a resolution has such a function includes the degree of support and repetition of the resolutions ex- pressing the rule. The UN General Assembly has adopted many resolutions on the so-called Olympic Truce since 1993. All have been adopted by con- sensus and the resolutions have received the widest support in the history of the UN. For that reason, it becomes relevant to examine the significance of the resolutions for ascertaining the existence and content of the... (More)
Resolutions are, by definition, non-binding recommendations, but are consi- dered in some cases to have a normative value, by becoming relevant for ascertaining the existence of a customary rule of international law or deve- loping opinion juris. Factors for determining whether a resolution has such a function includes the degree of support and repetition of the resolutions ex- pressing the rule. The UN General Assembly has adopted many resolutions on the so-called Olympic Truce since 1993. All have been adopted by con- sensus and the resolutions have received the widest support in the history of the UN. For that reason, it becomes relevant to examine the significance of the resolutions for ascertaining the existence and content of the Olympic Truce in international customary law. The issue is brought to the fore by Rus- sia's de facto breach of the Olympic Truce through its invasion of neighboring Ukraine on February 24, 2022.
Using a legal dogmatic method, the relevant resolutions' significance for es- tablishing practice and opinio juris in general is examined, and then specifi- cally the existence and content of the Olympic Truce in international custom- ary law is investigated. International customary law constitutes a primary source of international law, binds all states internationally as a starting point, and develops through widespread state action. The analysis of the Olympic Truce therefore has an international perspective.
The analysis shows that the resolutions on the Olympic Truce do not in them- selves create a rule of international customary law. They do, however, con- stitute important, but not sole, evidence for ascertaining the existence and content of a customary legal Olympic Truce. However, to confirm the ex- istence of a customary legal Olympic Truce the opinio juris expressed through the resolutions must be applied in practice. Given the somewhat unclear me- aning of the rule according to the resolutions, it is not entirely certain how it should be applied in practice, although the scope appears to be to protect the realization of the Olympic and Paralympic games. The Olympic Truce has therefore probably not crystallized in international customary law, but a clo- ser analysis falls outside the scope of this work. The resolutions on the Olym- pic Truce can, however, be said to have a normative value by constituting evidence towards at least a developing opinio juris. The crystallization and specifically the content of a customary legal Olympic Truce must be decided over time and through practical application. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Resolutioner är per definition icke-bindande rekommendationer, men anses i vissa fall kunna få ett normativt värde, genom att bli relevant för påvisandet av en sedvanerättslig regels existens eller begynnande opinio juris. Faktorer som blir betydelsefulla för om en resolution ska anses få en sådan funktion är bland annat graden av stöd och upprepningen av resolutioner som ger uttryck för en regel. FN:s generalförsamling har sedan 1993 antagit ett stort antal re- solutioner om den så kallade olympiska vapenvilan. Alla har antagits genom konsensus och resolutionerna har fått bredast stöd i FN:s historia. Av den an- ledningen blir det relevant att undersöka betydelsen av resolutionerna för ex- istensen och innehållet av den olympiska... (More)
Resolutioner är per definition icke-bindande rekommendationer, men anses i vissa fall kunna få ett normativt värde, genom att bli relevant för påvisandet av en sedvanerättslig regels existens eller begynnande opinio juris. Faktorer som blir betydelsefulla för om en resolution ska anses få en sådan funktion är bland annat graden av stöd och upprepningen av resolutioner som ger uttryck för en regel. FN:s generalförsamling har sedan 1993 antagit ett stort antal re- solutioner om den så kallade olympiska vapenvilan. Alla har antagits genom konsensus och resolutionerna har fått bredast stöd i FN:s historia. Av den an- ledningen blir det relevant att undersöka betydelsen av resolutionerna för ex- istensen och innehållet av den olympiska vapenvilan i den internationella sed- vanerätten. Frågan aktualiseras av att Ryssland de facto bröt mot den olym- pisk vapenvilan genom sin invasion av grannlandet Ukraina den 24 februari 2022.
Genom en rättsdogmatisk metod utreds relevanta resolutioners betydelse för påvisandet av praxis och opinio juris i allmänhet för att sedan specifikt un- dersöka den olympiska vapenvilans existens och innehåll i den internationella sedvanerätten. Den internationella sedvanerätten utgör en primär folkrättsligs rättskälla, binder som utgångspunkt alla stater internationellt och utvecklas genom utbrett statligt agerande. Analysen av den olympiska vapenvilan får således ett internationellt perspektiv.
Analysen visar att resolutionerna om den olympiska vapenvilan inte i sig skapar en regel i den internationella sedvanerätten. De utgör däremot viktig, men inte ensam, bevisning för påvisandet av en sedvanerättslig olympisk va- penvilas existens och innehåll. För att bekräfta existensen av en sedvanerätt- slig olympisk vapenvila krävs att den opinio juris som kommer till uttryck genom resolutionerna, tillämpas i praktiken. Med hänsyn till regelns något otydliga innebörd enligt resolutionerna är det inte helt säkert hur den borde tillämpas i praktiken, även om omfattningen framgår vara att skydda de olym- piska och paralympiska spelens genomförande. Den olympiska vapenvilan har därför sannolikt inte utkristalliserats i den internationella sedvanerätten, men en närmare analys faller utanför ramen för detta arbete. Resolutionerna om den olympiska vapenvilan kan dock sägas ha ett normativt värde genom att utgöra bevis för åtminstone en begynnande opinio juris. Utkristallise- ringen och specifikt innehåll av en sedvanerättslig olympisk vapenvila får av- göras med tiden, och praktisk tillämpning. (Less)
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author
Süssner, Ivan LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20222
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Folkrätt, sedvanerätt, opinio juris, praxis, olympisk vapenvila, OS, Olympiska spelen, Olympic Truce.
language
Swedish
id
9105366
date added to LUP
2023-02-03 16:38:14
date last changed
2023-02-03 16:38:14
@misc{9105366,
  abstract     = {{Resolutions are, by definition, non-binding recommendations, but are consi- dered in some cases to have a normative value, by becoming relevant for ascertaining the existence of a customary rule of international law or deve- loping opinion juris. Factors for determining whether a resolution has such a function includes the degree of support and repetition of the resolutions ex- pressing the rule. The UN General Assembly has adopted many resolutions on the so-called Olympic Truce since 1993. All have been adopted by con- sensus and the resolutions have received the widest support in the history of the UN. For that reason, it becomes relevant to examine the significance of the resolutions for ascertaining the existence and content of the Olympic Truce in international customary law. The issue is brought to the fore by Rus- sia's de facto breach of the Olympic Truce through its invasion of neighboring Ukraine on February 24, 2022.
Using a legal dogmatic method, the relevant resolutions' significance for es- tablishing practice and opinio juris in general is examined, and then specifi- cally the existence and content of the Olympic Truce in international custom- ary law is investigated. International customary law constitutes a primary source of international law, binds all states internationally as a starting point, and develops through widespread state action. The analysis of the Olympic Truce therefore has an international perspective.
The analysis shows that the resolutions on the Olympic Truce do not in them- selves create a rule of international customary law. They do, however, con- stitute important, but not sole, evidence for ascertaining the existence and content of a customary legal Olympic Truce. However, to confirm the ex- istence of a customary legal Olympic Truce the opinio juris expressed through the resolutions must be applied in practice. Given the somewhat unclear me- aning of the rule according to the resolutions, it is not entirely certain how it should be applied in practice, although the scope appears to be to protect the realization of the Olympic and Paralympic games. The Olympic Truce has therefore probably not crystallized in international customary law, but a clo- ser analysis falls outside the scope of this work. The resolutions on the Olym- pic Truce can, however, be said to have a normative value by constituting evidence towards at least a developing opinio juris. The crystallization and specifically the content of a customary legal Olympic Truce must be decided over time and through practical application.}},
  author       = {{Süssner, Ivan}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Give Peace a Chance: Resolutionerna om den olympiska vapenvilan och den internationella sedvanerätten}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}