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Bundenhet av ansvarsavgörandet vid avgörande av enskilt anspråk – Hur det enskilda anspråkets relation till brottet påverkar tillämpningen av rättegångsbalkens 29 kap. 6 § 3 men.

Haglund, Emil LU (2023) LAGF03 20231
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
The purpose of the essay is to examine when a court is to be considered bound by its decision regarding the question of guilt when ruling on a private claim (enskilt anspråk) in the same proceeding. To understand this, a rule in chapter 29, section 6, paragraph 3 of the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure (rättegångsbalken) is examined, as well as how the presumption of innocence in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) affects the legal situa-tion.
In chapter 29, section 6, paragraph 3 of the Swedish Code of Judicial Proce-dure there is a rule that binds the court to the decision made pertaining to the question of guilt when judging the individual claim. The rule is not to be in-terpreted literally. There is insufficient... (More)
The purpose of the essay is to examine when a court is to be considered bound by its decision regarding the question of guilt when ruling on a private claim (enskilt anspråk) in the same proceeding. To understand this, a rule in chapter 29, section 6, paragraph 3 of the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure (rättegångsbalken) is examined, as well as how the presumption of innocence in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) affects the legal situa-tion.
In chapter 29, section 6, paragraph 3 of the Swedish Code of Judicial Proce-dure there is a rule that binds the court to the decision made pertaining to the question of guilt when judging the individual claim. The rule is not to be in-terpreted literally. There is insufficient guidance from the legislative history and judicial literature. In two key judgements, NJA 2019 s. 845 and the Su-preme Court judgement T 1106-22, the Swedish Supreme Court (HD) as-sessed in which way a court should be bound by the verdict of guilt when assessing the private claim. The rules emerging from these judgements are difficult to interpret and somewhat contradictory.
Further, Swedish courts are also bound by the ECHR. Article 6, Section 2 of the ECHR grants a right for the individual called the presumption of inno-cence. The presumption not only implies that the accused should be consid-ered innocent until proven guilty by a court. It also implies that the accused should be considered innocent by the legal system of a criminal offense of which they have been acquitted.
The essay concludes that a court is bound by its judgement in the question of guilt when ruling on the private claim, when the statement of the criminal act as charged and the cause of action of the private claim correspond completely. The essay further concludes that the Swedish Supreme Court’s rulings entail that the courts cannot award damages if it has acquitted in the question of guilt in multiple cases. When making decisions in the part regarding the question of guilt, the court is then bound by these decisions when ruling on the individual claim. Therefore, a court cannot assess the same circumstance multiple times in the same trial. The essay further finds that through the presumption of innocence of the ECHR, follows that Swedish courts cannot impute criminal responsibility on a person acquitted of a crime in the same trial. This does not affect Swedish courts in cases relating to this essay, since they are in many cases bound by the decision made in the question of guilt following NJA 2019 s. 845 and the Supreme Court judgement T 1106-22. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Uppsatsen har som syfte att undersöka när rätten är bunden av ansvarsavgö-randet vid avgörandet av ett enskilt anspråk som avgörs i samma mål. För att undersöka detta behandlas en regel i RB 29 kap. 6 § 3 men. och hur oskyldig-hetspresumtionen i EKMR påverkar rättsläget.
I 29 kap. 6 § 3 men. finns en regel som binder rätten vid avgörandet av det enskilda anspråket till avgörandet som gjorts i ansvarsfrågan. Regeln ska inte tolkas i sin ordalydelse. Ur förarbeten och litteratur finnes inte tillräcklig led-ning för att besvara uppsatsens frågeställningar. HD har i två centrala domar, NJA 2019 s. 845 och HD:s dom T 1106–22, bedömt hur rätten ska anses vara bunden av avgörandet i ansvarsdelen vid avgörandet av det enskilda an-språket.... (More)
Uppsatsen har som syfte att undersöka när rätten är bunden av ansvarsavgö-randet vid avgörandet av ett enskilt anspråk som avgörs i samma mål. För att undersöka detta behandlas en regel i RB 29 kap. 6 § 3 men. och hur oskyldig-hetspresumtionen i EKMR påverkar rättsläget.
I 29 kap. 6 § 3 men. finns en regel som binder rätten vid avgörandet av det enskilda anspråket till avgörandet som gjorts i ansvarsfrågan. Regeln ska inte tolkas i sin ordalydelse. Ur förarbeten och litteratur finnes inte tillräcklig led-ning för att besvara uppsatsens frågeställningar. HD har i två centrala domar, NJA 2019 s. 845 och HD:s dom T 1106–22, bedömt hur rätten ska anses vara bunden av avgörandet i ansvarsdelen vid avgörandet av det enskilda an-språket. Reglerna som framkommer ur domarna är svårtolkade och till viss del motsägelsefulla.
Svenska domstolar är dessutom bundna av EKMR. I EKMR art. 6.2 finns en rättighet för den enskilde som heter oskyldighetspresumtionen. Den innebär inte bara att den tilltalade ska betraktas som oskyldig av rättssystemet till mot-satsen bevisas. Den innebär också att den tilltalade ska betraktas som oskyldig av rättssystemet för en brottslig gärning den blivit frikänd från. Ämnen rele-vanta för uppsatsen har behandlats i Europadomstolen vid ett antal tillfällen. Därigenom menar Europadomstolen att oskyldighetspresumtionen ska inne-bära att en tilltalad som blivit frikänd från ansvar inte senare får tillskrivas brottsligt ansvar.
Uppsatsen finner att en domstol är bunden av ansvarsavgörandet vid avgö-randet av det enskilda anspråket när gärningsbeskrivningen och grunderna för det enskilda anspråket överensstämmer. Uppsatsen finner vidare att HD:s praxis innebär att domstolen inte är fri att döma ut skadestånd om den friat i ansvarsdelen i fler fall. Domstolen är bunden av sitt avgörande i ansvarsdelen för de omständigheter som där har blivit bedömda. En domstol kan således inte bedöma samma omständighet flera gånger i samma rättegång. Uppsatsen finner vidare att av oskyldighetspresumtionen i EKMR följer att svenska domstolar inte får tillskriva den tilltalade brottsligt ansvar efter att den blivit frikänd i ansvarsdelen. Detta påverkar inte svenska domstolar i situationer som behandlas i denna uppsats eftersom de är bundna av ansvarsavgörandet vid avgörandet av det enskilda anspråket till hög grad till följd av NJA 2019 s. 845 och HD:s dom T 1106–22. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Haglund, Emil LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20231
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
processrätt, enskilt anspråk, RB 29 kap. 6 §, NJA 2019 s. 845, T 1106-22, omröstningsregeln, oskyldighetspresumtionen, ekmr, NJA 1962 s. 469, beviskrav, bevisbörda, kumulation
language
Swedish
id
9115836
date added to LUP
2023-06-29 09:46:12
date last changed
2023-06-29 09:46:12
@misc{9115836,
  abstract     = {{The purpose of the essay is to examine when a court is to be considered bound by its decision regarding the question of guilt when ruling on a private claim (enskilt anspråk) in the same proceeding. To understand this, a rule in chapter 29, section 6, paragraph 3 of the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure (rättegångsbalken) is examined, as well as how the presumption of innocence in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) affects the legal situa-tion. 
In chapter 29, section 6, paragraph 3 of the Swedish Code of Judicial Proce-dure there is a rule that binds the court to the decision made pertaining to the question of guilt when judging the individual claim. The rule is not to be in-terpreted literally. There is insufficient guidance from the legislative history and judicial literature. In two key judgements, NJA 2019 s. 845 and the Su-preme Court judgement T 1106-22, the Swedish Supreme Court (HD) as-sessed in which way a court should be bound by the verdict of guilt when assessing the private claim. The rules emerging from these judgements are difficult to interpret and somewhat contradictory. 
Further, Swedish courts are also bound by the ECHR. Article 6, Section 2 of the ECHR grants a right for the individual called the presumption of inno-cence. The presumption not only implies that the accused should be consid-ered innocent until proven guilty by a court. It also implies that the accused should be considered innocent by the legal system of a criminal offense of which they have been acquitted. 
The essay concludes that a court is bound by its judgement in the question of guilt when ruling on the private claim, when the statement of the criminal act as charged and the cause of action of the private claim correspond completely. The essay further concludes that the Swedish Supreme Court’s rulings entail that the courts cannot award damages if it has acquitted in the question of guilt in multiple cases. When making decisions in the part regarding the question of guilt, the court is then bound by these decisions when ruling on the individual claim. Therefore, a court cannot assess the same circumstance multiple times in the same trial. The essay further finds that through the presumption of innocence of the ECHR, follows that Swedish courts cannot impute criminal responsibility on a person acquitted of a crime in the same trial. This does not affect Swedish courts in cases relating to this essay, since they are in many cases bound by the decision made in the question of guilt following NJA 2019 s. 845 and the Supreme Court judgement T 1106-22.}},
  author       = {{Haglund, Emil}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Bundenhet av ansvarsavgörandet vid avgörande av enskilt anspråk – Hur det enskilda anspråkets relation till brottet påverkar tillämpningen av rättegångsbalkens 29 kap. 6 § 3 men.}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}