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Vilken betydelse har umgängessabotage vid vårdnadstvister?

Lucchesi, Johan LU (2023) LAGF03 20231
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
The purpose of the essay is first and foremost to give answer to two
questions, the first being how seriously the court views visitation sabotage in a custody battle, while deciding who should be awarded sole
custody of the child. The second question is regarding the cases where
the court decides to award custody to the guardian that does commit
visitation sabotage and to get insight in what interests instead get priority. The whole essay is structured around these two questions. The
essay will start by presenting the important principles and laws that the
court has to consider while making their decision about what guardian
is more fit to be the sole caretaker of the child. The essay will then go
deeper into relevant court cases,... (More)
The purpose of the essay is first and foremost to give answer to two
questions, the first being how seriously the court views visitation sabotage in a custody battle, while deciding who should be awarded sole
custody of the child. The second question is regarding the cases where
the court decides to award custody to the guardian that does commit
visitation sabotage and to get insight in what interests instead get priority. The whole essay is structured around these two questions. The
essay will start by presenting the important principles and laws that the
court has to consider while making their decision about what guardian
is more fit to be the sole caretaker of the child. The essay will then go
deeper into relevant court cases, doctrine from scholars in the field,
and present what the writers of the law had to say while implementing
the law to gain further understanding of how it’s meant to be interpreted. While summarizing the material it becomes clear that the principle of the best interest of the child and the need for stability and continuity in the child’s life, are not terms that are easily definable, and
that these principles are going to look different from case to case and
from child to child, since everyone has different needs and requirements in their lives. I will thereafter present the legal development that
the Swedish Supreme Court have gone through regarding visitation
sabotage from 1989 to 1998 to then analyze a case from 2022 from
the Courts of appeal where the court has presented many of the principles that the high court have already established while providing further clarity. The Court of Appeals elaborates in this case on how the
need for continuity and stability in the child’s life can look with regards
to their environment and gives examples of how these environmental
factors can look. The factors in this specific case include friends, activities, school and where he has lived for most of his life. These circumstances should however not be seen as exhaustive, which in turn
shows the complexity of trying to define the child’s need for continuity
and stability. After this I present the conclusions I draw from the 16
2
cases that I have requested from the district courts that include visitation sabotage, to see what interests the courts determine should be
the deciding factors when deciding in custody cases, and how this
compares to a previous study made where the deciding factor in 66%
of all the decisions that the district courts had made regarding custody
were in regards to the child’s need for stability and continuity. In my
findings I conclude that out of the 16 cases, in 9 of them the main
interest that the court finds to be of deciding factor is the need for the
child to have stability and continuity in their life, and in 9 of the 16 cases
the court also finds that the guardian who is responsible for the sabotage should be awarded or still maintain sole custody. In 3 of the cases
the court decided that joint custody was the best form of custody and
in 4 of the cases the guardian who was the victim of the sabotage was
awarded or maintained sole custody. In the last chapter of the essay I
will present my conclusion and closing reflections, I will here come to
the conclusion that it’s not possible to draw definitive conclusions regarding one specific circumstance in a custody case, with regards to
the complexity of defining the best interests of the child and the child’s
need for stability and continuity in its life. Lastly, I will critically analyze
the material which I have presented above with focus on NJA 1998 s.
675 where the court specifically had to answer the question of how to
view the fact that the mother had refused to cooperate regarding following the visitation time that had been established by the court. The
Supreme court voted in a 3 to 2 ruling that the mother should be
awarded sole custody, I consider the conclusion that the court came
to in this case to be worthy of reflection with regards to what incentives
this will give to future cases and with regards to whether this could be
considered to align with the spirit of the lawmakers. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Uppsatsens syfte är först och främst att besvara vilken betydelse domstolen tillerkänner umgängessabotage vid beslutande av vårdnad och
hur en part som begår sabotage i slutändan kan tillerkännas ensam
vårdnad, och vilka intressen som i så fall väger tyngre än sabotaget.
Det är utifrån dessa frågeställningar som hela uppsatsens struktur är
uppbyggd. Uppsatsen börjar med att redogöra relevanta lagrum och
principer med hänsyn till bedömningen av vårdnad i vårdnadstvister
där det förekommer umgängessabotage. Uppsatsen går sen djupare
in i vad dessa principer innebär genom att analysera praxis, doktrin
och förarbeten med hänsyn till umgängessabotage för att sedan sammanfatta materialet och jämföra det mot vartannat och därefter dra
... (More)
Uppsatsens syfte är först och främst att besvara vilken betydelse domstolen tillerkänner umgängessabotage vid beslutande av vårdnad och
hur en part som begår sabotage i slutändan kan tillerkännas ensam
vårdnad, och vilka intressen som i så fall väger tyngre än sabotaget.
Det är utifrån dessa frågeställningar som hela uppsatsens struktur är
uppbyggd. Uppsatsen börjar med att redogöra relevanta lagrum och
principer med hänsyn till bedömningen av vårdnad i vårdnadstvister
där det förekommer umgängessabotage. Uppsatsen går sen djupare
in i vad dessa principer innebär genom att analysera praxis, doktrin
och förarbeten med hänsyn till umgängessabotage för att sedan sammanfatta materialet och jämföra det mot vartannat och därefter dra
slutsatser om rättsläget. Vid sammanfattandet av rättsläget blir det
klarlagt att definitionen av barnets bästa och kontinuitetsprincipen inte
är begrepp som lätt går att definiera, utan att dessa principer måste
bedömas från fall till fall och från barn till barn. Uppsatsen går sedan
igenom rättsutvecklingen som domstolen har gjort i Högsta domstolen
från 1989-1998 för att sedan analysera ett rättsfall från 2022 från HovR
där många av principerna som HD har utkristalliserat från praxis, återfinns. I hovrättsfallet så utvecklar domstolen omständigheter kring kontinuitetsprincipen på ett mycket tydligt vis, som att konkret nämna ett
barns behov av kamrater, behov av en stabil skolgång och fritidsaktiviteter, vilket i sin tur redovisar för komplexiteten av att försöka definiera kontinuitetsprincipen. Efter detta redovisar uppsatsen för 16 tingsrättsdomar som begärts ut från domstolar runt om i landet för att undersöka vilka intressen som brukar få utslag i mål där det förekommit
umgängessabotage, utav dessa 16 domar så hade den saboterande
föräldern efteråt ensam vårdnad i 9 av fallen, i 3 av fallen där det förekom sabotage så blev resultatet gemensam vårdnad, i 4 av fallen så
tillerkändes den föräldern som var utsatt för sabotaget ensam vårdnad. I 9 av fallen så var det kontinuitetsprincipen som var den avgörande principen enligt domskälen och detta kan jämföras med studien
gjord av Annika Reijmer där hon fann att i 66% av alla beslut angående
4
vårdnad så var det kontinuitetsprincipen som var av avgörande betydelse. I det sista kapitlet så presenterar jag min slutsats och avslutande reflektioner, jag kommer här fram till att inte verkar se särskilt
allvarligt på umgängessabotage men hänsyn till materialet jag har undersökt och utgångarna i tingsrättsdomarna. Det konstateras dock att
det inte är möjligt att dra en sådan definitiv slutsats, eftersom bedömningen om barnets bästa som är av avgörande betydelse för alla beslut om vårdnad, är alltför komplex och mångfacetterad för att göra
svepande slutsatser, då det inte ens går att definiera begreppet. Jag
för sedan en kritisk analys, främst av NJA 1998 s 675, där HD främst
hade att svara på vilken betydelse man skulle tillmäta det faktum att
mamman hindrat pappan från att utöva umgänge som varit fastställt
genom domslut, där domstolen varit splittrad i sitt beslut med 3 till 2,
och jag anser att slutsatsen man kommit fram till är djupt problematisk
med tanke på vilka incitament man ger uttryck för och att det inte heller
verkar vara förenligt med lagstiftarens intentioner. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Lucchesi, Johan LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20231
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Vårdnad, Umgängessabotage, Familjerätt
language
Swedish
id
9116283
date added to LUP
2023-06-29 13:27:20
date last changed
2023-06-29 13:27:20
@misc{9116283,
  abstract     = {{The purpose of the essay is first and foremost to give answer to two
questions, the first being how seriously the court views visitation sabotage in a custody battle, while deciding who should be awarded sole
custody of the child. The second question is regarding the cases where
the court decides to award custody to the guardian that does commit
visitation sabotage and to get insight in what interests instead get priority. The whole essay is structured around these two questions. The
essay will start by presenting the important principles and laws that the
court has to consider while making their decision about what guardian
is more fit to be the sole caretaker of the child. The essay will then go
deeper into relevant court cases, doctrine from scholars in the field,
and present what the writers of the law had to say while implementing
the law to gain further understanding of how it’s meant to be interpreted. While summarizing the material it becomes clear that the principle of the best interest of the child and the need for stability and continuity in the child’s life, are not terms that are easily definable, and
that these principles are going to look different from case to case and
from child to child, since everyone has different needs and requirements in their lives. I will thereafter present the legal development that
the Swedish Supreme Court have gone through regarding visitation
sabotage from 1989 to 1998 to then analyze a case from 2022 from
the Courts of appeal where the court has presented many of the principles that the high court have already established while providing further clarity. The Court of Appeals elaborates in this case on how the
need for continuity and stability in the child’s life can look with regards
to their environment and gives examples of how these environmental
factors can look. The factors in this specific case include friends, activities, school and where he has lived for most of his life. These circumstances should however not be seen as exhaustive, which in turn
shows the complexity of trying to define the child’s need for continuity
and stability. After this I present the conclusions I draw from the 16
2
cases that I have requested from the district courts that include visitation sabotage, to see what interests the courts determine should be
the deciding factors when deciding in custody cases, and how this
compares to a previous study made where the deciding factor in 66%
of all the decisions that the district courts had made regarding custody
were in regards to the child’s need for stability and continuity. In my
findings I conclude that out of the 16 cases, in 9 of them the main
interest that the court finds to be of deciding factor is the need for the
child to have stability and continuity in their life, and in 9 of the 16 cases
the court also finds that the guardian who is responsible for the sabotage should be awarded or still maintain sole custody. In 3 of the cases
the court decided that joint custody was the best form of custody and
in 4 of the cases the guardian who was the victim of the sabotage was
awarded or maintained sole custody. In the last chapter of the essay I
will present my conclusion and closing reflections, I will here come to
the conclusion that it’s not possible to draw definitive conclusions regarding one specific circumstance in a custody case, with regards to
the complexity of defining the best interests of the child and the child’s
need for stability and continuity in its life. Lastly, I will critically analyze
the material which I have presented above with focus on NJA 1998 s.
675 where the court specifically had to answer the question of how to
view the fact that the mother had refused to cooperate regarding following the visitation time that had been established by the court. The
Supreme court voted in a 3 to 2 ruling that the mother should be
awarded sole custody, I consider the conclusion that the court came
to in this case to be worthy of reflection with regards to what incentives
this will give to future cases and with regards to whether this could be
considered to align with the spirit of the lawmakers.}},
  author       = {{Lucchesi, Johan}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Vilken betydelse har umgängessabotage vid vårdnadstvister?}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}