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Bortom orsakandets gränser - En utredning om det straffrättsliga orsakandet, med särskild inriktning på svårutredda orsaksförhållanden och avlägsna gärningar

Berg, Carl LU (2023) JURM02 20232
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Denna framställning behandlar frågan om hur en straffrättslig argumentation kan formuleras för att motivera en specifik gärningsman som en orsak av relevans för eventuellt straffrättsligt ansvar. Detta inom kontexten av ett komplext och svårutrett händelseförlopp, innefattandes flera möjliga orsaker, med särskild fokus på gärningsmän som kan förstås som avlägsna den aktuella följden.

För att undersöka denna fråga genomförs en rättsvetenskaplig studie av tre stycken delar inom det straffrättsliga orsaksbegreppet tillsammans med vissa tillhörande teorier och synsätt för varje del. Den första komponenten som undersöks är den straffrättsliga gärningen. Detta innebär en genomgång av olika teorier kring hur en handling eller underlåtenhet... (More)
Denna framställning behandlar frågan om hur en straffrättslig argumentation kan formuleras för att motivera en specifik gärningsman som en orsak av relevans för eventuellt straffrättsligt ansvar. Detta inom kontexten av ett komplext och svårutrett händelseförlopp, innefattandes flera möjliga orsaker, med särskild fokus på gärningsmän som kan förstås som avlägsna den aktuella följden.

För att undersöka denna fråga genomförs en rättsvetenskaplig studie av tre stycken delar inom det straffrättsliga orsaksbegreppet tillsammans med vissa tillhörande teorier och synsätt för varje del. Den första komponenten som undersöks är den straffrättsliga gärningen. Detta innebär en genomgång av olika teorier kring hur en handling eller underlåtenhet kan definieras. Den andra delen innefattar en närmare undersökning av teorier och synsätt angående hur ett orsakssamband mellan en gärning och följd kan avslöjas och konstateras. Detta medför bland annat en redogörelse av vissa orsaksläror som exempelvis olika varianter av betingelseläran. Slutligen utgör den tredje delen en genomgång av olika ansvarsläror som utvecklats som verktyg för att besvara om en konstaterad orsakande gärning också är av sådant slag att den bör ligga som grund för ett eventuellt straffrättsligt ansvarsutkrävande. Detta innebär en mer generell undersökning av adekvansläran samt en granskning av Nils Jareborgs respektive Ivar Strahls teorier, vilka baseras på en objektiv okaktsamhets relevans inför följden.

Utifrån resultatet som framkommit genom undersökningen av orsaksbegreppet förs sedan en analys genom att de olika teorierna och synsätten tillämpas på omständigheterna i ett fiktivt fall, med brottet vållande till annans död som utgångspunkt. Målet är att presentera en mjölig rättslig argumentation för att en viss person vars gärning förstås som avlägsen följden ska ses som en brottsbeskrivningsenlig orsak till ett dödsfall, som skett genom ett svårutrett och utdraget händelseförlopp.

Utifrån analysen framförs ett antal slutsatser. En första slutsats är att underlå-tenhetsansvaret bör förstås som en rimlig utgångspunkt vid argumentationen. Om denna gärningstyp inte går att fastställa kan argumentationen vidare istället utformas genom att se till overksamheten som ett beteende klassificerat som en handling, som psykiskt orsakar omständigheterna som leder till den aktuella följden. Detta med förutsättning att denna handling på ett tillräckligt kvalificerat sätt bidragit till följden och därigenom kan sägas stå i ett orsaks-samband.

Därtill dras slutsatsen att en viktig faktor vid frågan om orsakande i dessa fall är klandervärdheten som en konkret gärning innebär. Detta medför att en ar-gumentation om huruvida ett orsakande ska ses som brottsbeskrivningsenligt bör baseras på normativa ansvarsmodeller som utgår från en utredning kring objektiv oaktsamhet. Med andra ord en utgångspunkt i antigen Ivar Strahls ansvarslära, som baserar ett otillåtet risktagandes relevans på hypotetiska prov, eller Nils Jareborgs ansvarslära, som utgår från om följden innebär ett relevant riskförverkligande. (Less)
Abstract
This essay addresses the question of how a criminal legal argumentation can be formulated to justify a specific person as a relevant cause for potential criminal liability. This within the context of a complex and intricate sequence of events, involving multiple possible causes, with a particular focus on perpetrators who are distant from the actual consequence in both time and space.

To investigate this a study is conducted on three parts within the criminal legal concept of causation, along with associated theories and perspectives for each component. The first component examined is the criminal act, involving a re-view of various theories on how an criminal act or omission can be defined. The second part involves a closer examination... (More)
This essay addresses the question of how a criminal legal argumentation can be formulated to justify a specific person as a relevant cause for potential criminal liability. This within the context of a complex and intricate sequence of events, involving multiple possible causes, with a particular focus on perpetrators who are distant from the actual consequence in both time and space.

To investigate this a study is conducted on three parts within the criminal legal concept of causation, along with associated theories and perspectives for each component. The first component examined is the criminal act, involving a re-view of various theories on how an criminal act or omission can be defined. The second part involves a closer examination of theories and perspectives regarding how a causal connection between an act and consequence can be revealed and established. This includes, among other things, reesarching of certain causation theories such as different variants of the so-called conditio sine qua non theory. Finally, the third part involves a review of various liability theories developed as tools to answer whether an ascertained causative act is also of such a nature that it should serve as the basis for potential crimi-nal liability. This entails a more general examination of the adequacy doctrine and a review of Nils Jareborg's and Ivar Strahl's theories, which are based on the relevance of culpability to the consequence.

Based on the results obtained from the investigation of the causation concept, an analysis is conducted by applying the different theories and perspectives to the circumstances in a fictional case, with the offense of causing another's death (vållande till annans död) as a foundation. The goal with the analysis is to present a plausible legal argumentation that a certain person, distant from the consequence in time and space, should be regarded as a cause for a death that occurred through a complex sequence of events.

From the analysis, several conclusions are drawn. One of them is that liability for omission should be understood as a reasonable starting point for the argumentation. If this type of act cannot be established, the argumentation can instead be shaped by considering the inactivity as a behavior classified as an act instead, which mentally causes the circumstances leading to the current consequence. This assumed that this certain act has contributed to the consequence in a sufficiently qualified way and therefore can be said to be causally related.

In addition, the conclusion is drawn that a crucial factor in the question of causation in these cases, is the blameworthiness in a concrete act. This means that an argumentation on whether causation should be considered in accordance with the criminal description should be based on normative liability models that rely on an investigation on a deeds objective negligence. In other words, a starting point in either Ivar Strahl's liability theory, which bases the relevance of prohibited risk-taking on hypothetical tests, or Nils Jareborg's liability theory, which is based on whether the consequence involves a relevant realization of a risk. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Berg, Carl LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Beyond the boundaries of causation - An investigation into causation within criminal law, with a special focus on complex causal relationships and remote acts
course
JURM02 20232
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, orsaksamband, avlägsen gärning
language
Swedish
id
9143253
date added to LUP
2024-01-23 14:17:35
date last changed
2024-01-23 14:17:35
@misc{9143253,
  abstract     = {{This essay addresses the question of how a criminal legal argumentation can be formulated to justify a specific person as a relevant cause for potential criminal liability. This within the context of a complex and intricate sequence of events, involving multiple possible causes, with a particular focus on perpetrators who are distant from the actual consequence in both time and space.

To investigate this a study is conducted on three parts within the criminal legal concept of causation, along with associated theories and perspectives for each component. The first component examined is the criminal act, involving a re-view of various theories on how an criminal act or omission can be defined. The second part involves a closer examination of theories and perspectives regarding how a causal connection between an act and consequence can be revealed and established. This includes, among other things, reesarching of certain causation theories such as different variants of the so-called conditio sine qua non theory. Finally, the third part involves a review of various liability theories developed as tools to answer whether an ascertained causative act is also of such a nature that it should serve as the basis for potential crimi-nal liability. This entails a more general examination of the adequacy doctrine and a review of Nils Jareborg's and Ivar Strahl's theories, which are based on the relevance of culpability to the consequence.

Based on the results obtained from the investigation of the causation concept, an analysis is conducted by applying the different theories and perspectives to the circumstances in a fictional case, with the offense of causing another's death (vållande till annans död) as a foundation. The goal with the analysis is to present a plausible legal argumentation that a certain person, distant from the consequence in time and space, should be regarded as a cause for a death that occurred through a complex sequence of events.

From the analysis, several conclusions are drawn. One of them is that liability for omission should be understood as a reasonable starting point for the argumentation. If this type of act cannot be established, the argumentation can instead be shaped by considering the inactivity as a behavior classified as an act instead, which mentally causes the circumstances leading to the current consequence. This assumed that this certain act has contributed to the consequence in a sufficiently qualified way and therefore can be said to be causally related.

In addition, the conclusion is drawn that a crucial factor in the question of causation in these cases, is the blameworthiness in a concrete act. This means that an argumentation on whether causation should be considered in accordance with the criminal description should be based on normative liability models that rely on an investigation on a deeds objective negligence. In other words, a starting point in either Ivar Strahl's liability theory, which bases the relevance of prohibited risk-taking on hypothetical tests, or Nils Jareborg's liability theory, which is based on whether the consequence involves a relevant realization of a risk.}},
  author       = {{Berg, Carl}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Bortom orsakandets gränser - En utredning om det straffrättsliga orsakandet, med särskild inriktning på svårutredda orsaksförhållanden och avlägsna gärningar}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}