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EU:s befogenhet, subsidiaritet och proportionalitet i relation till Singaporekonventionen

Carlmark, David LU (2024) JURM02 20241
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) has developed a convention on the enforcement of settlement agreements resulting from international commercial mediation, known as the Singapore Convention. The convention allows international private actors to enforce international commercial mediation settlement agreements in the states of the respective contracting parties. The convention was open for accession in 2020, and by May 2024, 56 countries had signed it, including the USA and China, with 14 countries having ratified it, including Japan and Singapore.
In addition to individual states, regional organizations for economic integration, such as the EU, are also able to accede. However, neither the EU nor any of... (More)
The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) has developed a convention on the enforcement of settlement agreements resulting from international commercial mediation, known as the Singapore Convention. The convention allows international private actors to enforce international commercial mediation settlement agreements in the states of the respective contracting parties. The convention was open for accession in 2020, and by May 2024, 56 countries had signed it, including the USA and China, with 14 countries having ratified it, including Japan and Singapore.
In addition to individual states, regional organizations for economic integration, such as the EU, are also able to accede. However, neither the EU nor any of its member states have signed the convention. At the opening ceremony, Rosner, representing the EU at the negotiations in UNCITRAL, stated that the EU needed to carefully evaluate the convention. Several researchers have pointed out that the legal situation regarding the EU's competence in relation to the convention is unclear.
From the principle of conferred powers, it follows that the EU can only act within the scope of the powers that have been conferred upon it by the member states, and that powers not transferred to the Union in the treaties shall belong to the member states. Thus, all acts of Union law must be anchored and derived from a legal basis. Furthermore, the Union's actions must not exceed what is necessary to achieve the objectives of the treaties, while the Union should only act if the action cannot be sufficiently achieved by the member states.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the EU's possibility of joining the Singapore Convention by determining the legal basis as well as whether the EU has exclusive external competence and whether the EU may take measures in the specific case regarding subsidiarity and proportionality.
The conclusions drawn are that the scope of the Singapore Convention, as a starting point, falls within shared competence, where Article 81.2 a and 218.6 second paragraph a v TFEU constitute a valid legal basis. Allowing Member States to accede to the convention individually would, however, negatively affect the uniform and consistent application of Union rules and risk altering or impacting the scope of the common Union rules. For this reason, the Singapore Convention falls within the EU's exclusive competence, thus preventing individual Member States from acceding to it independently. Neither the requirements of proportionality nor subsidiarity are considered obstacles to the Union's accession to the convention. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
FN:s handelskommission UNCITRAL har tagit fram en konvention om verkställighet av internationella medlingsöverenskommelser, den s.k. Singaporekonventionen. Konventionen möjliggör att internationella privata aktörer kan verkställa internationella kommersiella medlingsöverenskommelser i respektive avtalsslutande parters stater. Konventionen öppnade för anslutning år 2020 och i maj 2024 hade 56 länder signerat den, bl.a. USA och Kina, 14 länder hade ratificerat den, bl.a. Japan och Singapore.
Utöver enskilda stater erbjuds regionala organisationer för ekonomisk integration, såsom EU, att ansluta sig. Varken EU eller några av dess medlemsstater har dock signerat konventionen. Vid öppningsceremonin, uttryckte Rosner, som ledde EU:s delegation... (More)
FN:s handelskommission UNCITRAL har tagit fram en konvention om verkställighet av internationella medlingsöverenskommelser, den s.k. Singaporekonventionen. Konventionen möjliggör att internationella privata aktörer kan verkställa internationella kommersiella medlingsöverenskommelser i respektive avtalsslutande parters stater. Konventionen öppnade för anslutning år 2020 och i maj 2024 hade 56 länder signerat den, bl.a. USA och Kina, 14 länder hade ratificerat den, bl.a. Japan och Singapore.
Utöver enskilda stater erbjuds regionala organisationer för ekonomisk integration, såsom EU, att ansluta sig. Varken EU eller några av dess medlemsstater har dock signerat konventionen. Vid öppningsceremonin, uttryckte Rosner, som ledde EU:s delegation vid förhandlingarna i UNCITRAL, att EU behövde utvärdera konventionen noggrant. Flera forskare har påpekat att rättsläget kring EU:s befogenhet i relation till konventionen är oklart.
Av principen om tilldelade befogenheter följer att EU endast får handla inom ramen för de befogenheter som den har tilldelats av medlemsstaterna och att befogenheter som inte har tilldelats unionen i fördragen ska tillhöra medlemsstaterna. Därmed måste alla unionsrättsliga handlingar vara förankrade och härledda från en rättslig grund. Dessutom får unionens åtgärder inte gå utöver vad som är nödvändigt för att nå målen i fördragen samtidigt som unionen endast ska vidta en åtgärd om åtgärden inte i tillräcklig utsträckning kan uppnås av medlemsstaterna.
Syftet med denna framställning är att utreda EU:s möjlighet att ansluta sig till Singaporekonventionen genom att avgöra den rättslig grunden samt huruvida EU har yttre exklusiv befogenhet och om EU får vidta åtgärder i det konkreta fallet med avseende på subsidiaritet och proportionalitet.
De slutsatser som dras utifrån de uppställda frågeställningarna är att området för Singaporekonventionen som utgångspunkt utgörs av delad befogenhet där artikel 81.2 a och 218.6 andra stycket a v FEUF utgör en giltig rättslig grund. Att låta medlemsstaterna ingå konventionen skulle dock inverka negativt på den enhetliga och konsekventa tillämpningen av unionsbestämmelserna och riskera att de gemensamma unionsreglerna påverkades eller ändrades i räckvidd. Singaporekonventionen faller av den anledningen inom EU:s exklusiva befogenhet och utgör därmed hinder för enskilda medlemsstater att individuellt ansluta sig. Varken kraven på proportionalitet eller subsidiaritet bedöms utgöra hinder för unionen att ansluta sig till konventionen. (Less)
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author
Carlmark, David LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The EU's competence, subsidiarity, and proportionality in relation to the Singapore Convention
course
JURM02 20241
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
EU-rätt, internationell privaträtt, EU, Singaporekonventionen, Befogenhet, exklusiv, Medling, Verkställighet
language
Swedish
id
9152967
date added to LUP
2024-06-12 13:42:45
date last changed
2024-06-12 13:42:45
@misc{9152967,
  abstract     = {{The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) has developed a convention on the enforcement of settlement agreements resulting from international commercial mediation, known as the Singapore Convention. The convention allows international private actors to enforce international commercial mediation settlement agreements in the states of the respective contracting parties. The convention was open for accession in 2020, and by May 2024, 56 countries had signed it, including the USA and China, with 14 countries having ratified it, including Japan and Singapore.
In addition to individual states, regional organizations for economic integration, such as the EU, are also able to accede. However, neither the EU nor any of its member states have signed the convention. At the opening ceremony, Rosner, representing the EU at the negotiations in UNCITRAL, stated that the EU needed to carefully evaluate the convention. Several researchers have pointed out that the legal situation regarding the EU's competence in relation to the convention is unclear.
From the principle of conferred powers, it follows that the EU can only act within the scope of the powers that have been conferred upon it by the member states, and that powers not transferred to the Union in the treaties shall belong to the member states. Thus, all acts of Union law must be anchored and derived from a legal basis. Furthermore, the Union's actions must not exceed what is necessary to achieve the objectives of the treaties, while the Union should only act if the action cannot be sufficiently achieved by the member states.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the EU's possibility of joining the Singapore Convention by determining the legal basis as well as whether the EU has exclusive external competence and whether the EU may take measures in the specific case regarding subsidiarity and proportionality.
The conclusions drawn are that the scope of the Singapore Convention, as a starting point, falls within shared competence, where Article 81.2 a and 218.6 second paragraph a v TFEU constitute a valid legal basis. Allowing Member States to accede to the convention individually would, however, negatively affect the uniform and consistent application of Union rules and risk altering or impacting the scope of the common Union rules. For this reason, the Singapore Convention falls within the EU's exclusive competence, thus preventing individual Member States from acceding to it independently. Neither the requirements of proportionality nor subsidiarity are considered obstacles to the Union's accession to the convention.}},
  author       = {{Carlmark, David}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{EU:s befogenhet, subsidiaritet och proportionalitet i relation till Singaporekonventionen}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}