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Fredas facken? – Domstolsprövning av uteslutning ur fackföreningar enligt Europakonventionen

Ung, Hugo LU (2024) LAGF03 20241
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
I juli 2023 beslutade Högsta domstolen att inte meddela prövningstillstånd i ett mål mellan Mats Fredlund och Svenska transportarbetareförbundet. Tvisten hade sin bakgrund i att Mats Fredlund uteslöts ur förbundet på grund av sina politiska uppdrag för Sverigedemokraterna. I Svea hovrätts dom från december 2022 ogiltigförklarades uteslutningen eftersom hovrätten ansåg att det inte framgick tillräckligt tydligt av förbundets stadgar att en medlem kunde uteslutas om den aktivt verkade för Sverigedemokraterna.

I den här uppsatsen har jag granskat hovrättens dom mot bakgrund Europakonventionens skydd för föreningsfriheten. Hovrätten följde i sin dom i stor utsträckning den metod för att pröva uteslutning ur fackföreningar som slagits fast... (More)
I juli 2023 beslutade Högsta domstolen att inte meddela prövningstillstånd i ett mål mellan Mats Fredlund och Svenska transportarbetareförbundet. Tvisten hade sin bakgrund i att Mats Fredlund uteslöts ur förbundet på grund av sina politiska uppdrag för Sverigedemokraterna. I Svea hovrätts dom från december 2022 ogiltigförklarades uteslutningen eftersom hovrätten ansåg att det inte framgick tillräckligt tydligt av förbundets stadgar att en medlem kunde uteslutas om den aktivt verkade för Sverigedemokraterna.

I den här uppsatsen har jag granskat hovrättens dom mot bakgrund Europakonventionens skydd för föreningsfriheten. Hovrätten följde i sin dom i stor utsträckning den metod för att pröva uteslutning ur fackföreningar som slagits fast i tidigare svensk praxis. Därför har jag också undersökt huruvida det nationella rättsläget stämmer överens med de krav som ställs i Europakonventionen. Undersökningen har huvudsakligen genomförts med hjälp av en rättsdogmatisk metod, och stor vikt har lagts vid praxis från Europadomstolen.

Min undersökning har visat att uteslutningar ur fackföreningar i svensk rätt har ansetts möjliga att pröva materiellt i domstol på grund av medlemskapets betydelse för den uteslutne. Den följande sakprövningen har därefter skett med hjälp av en i huvudsak objektiv tolkning av föreningens stadgar.

Mot bakgrund av skyddet för föreningsfriheten i Europakonventionen har jag kommit fram till att detta rättsläge måste modifieras. Huvudregeln bör vara att en domstol inte kan pröva ett uteslutningsbeslut materiellt. Endast i fall där fackföreningar har en bristande självständighet gentemot staten eller missbrukar en dominerande ställning kan en sakprövning komma i fråga, eftersom staten då har en skyldighet att skydda den enskilde. I andra fall måste domstolens prövning inskränkas till frågan om uteslutningen skett i formellt korrekt ordning enligt stadgarna. I målet mellan Mats Fredlund och Svenska transportarbetareförbundet var förbundet tillräckligt självständigt gentemot staten och hade inte gjort sig skyldigt till missbruk. Därför fanns det ingen möjlighet för hovrätten att pröva uteslutningen i sak och ogiltigförklara den. (Less)
Abstract
In July 2023 the Supreme Court of Sweden (Högsta domstolen) decided not to grant leave to appeal in a case between Mats Fredlund and the Swedish Transport Workers Union (Svenska transportarbetareförbundet). The dispute originated when Mats Fredlund was expulsed from the union because of his political commitment on behalf of the Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokra-terna). In a judgement from December 2022, the Svea Court of Appeal (Svea hovrätt) invalidated the expulsion on the grounds that it was not sufficiently clear from the union’s internal rules that a member could be expulsed for act-ing on behalf of the Sweden Democrats.

In this paper I have examined the judgement from the court of appeal in light of the freedom of association as... (More)
In July 2023 the Supreme Court of Sweden (Högsta domstolen) decided not to grant leave to appeal in a case between Mats Fredlund and the Swedish Transport Workers Union (Svenska transportarbetareförbundet). The dispute originated when Mats Fredlund was expulsed from the union because of his political commitment on behalf of the Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokra-terna). In a judgement from December 2022, the Svea Court of Appeal (Svea hovrätt) invalidated the expulsion on the grounds that it was not sufficiently clear from the union’s internal rules that a member could be expulsed for act-ing on behalf of the Sweden Democrats.

In this paper I have examined the judgement from the court of appeal in light of the freedom of association as it is protected in the European Convention on Human Rights. In its judgement, the court mainly followed a method for in-vestigating expulsion from trade unions which had been previously estab-lished in Swedish case law. Therefore, I have also examined whether national law is in conformity with the demands that follow from the convention. The examination has mainly followed a legal-dogmatic method, with particular emphasis on case law from the European Court of Human Rights.

My examination has shown that, in cases of expulsion from trade unions, Swedish law allows courts to decide the case on the merits due to the im-portance of the union membership for the person expulsed. In such cases, the decision on the merits is based on an objective interpretation of the internal rules of the union.

Keeping in mind the freedom of association as protected in the European Convention on Human Rights, I have concluded that this legal position must be modified. The main rule ought to be that courts are not allowed to try ex-pulsions from trade unions on the merits. Only in cases where the union is insufficiently independent of the state or is abusing a dominant position can the case be tried on the merits, due to the obligation of the state to protect the individual. In other cases, the court’s investigation must be limited to the question of whether the expulsion was carried out in accordance with the for-mal rules of the union – that is to say, trial on procedural grounds. In the case between Mats Fredlund and the Swedish Transport Workers Union, the union was sufficiently independent from the state, and there had been no abuse of a dominant position. Therefore, it was not possible for the court of appeal to try the case on the merits and invalidate the expulsion. (Less)
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author
Ung, Hugo LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20241
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
associationsrätt, arbetsrätt (en. labour law), mänskliga rättigheter, uteslutning ur fackförening
language
Swedish
id
9153382
date added to LUP
2024-06-26 12:27:08
date last changed
2024-06-26 12:27:08
@misc{9153382,
  abstract     = {{In July 2023 the Supreme Court of Sweden (Högsta domstolen) decided not to grant leave to appeal in a case between Mats Fredlund and the Swedish Transport Workers Union (Svenska transportarbetareförbundet). The dispute originated when Mats Fredlund was expulsed from the union because of his political commitment on behalf of the Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokra-terna). In a judgement from December 2022, the Svea Court of Appeal (Svea hovrätt) invalidated the expulsion on the grounds that it was not sufficiently clear from the union’s internal rules that a member could be expulsed for act-ing on behalf of the Sweden Democrats. 

In this paper I have examined the judgement from the court of appeal in light of the freedom of association as it is protected in the European Convention on Human Rights. In its judgement, the court mainly followed a method for in-vestigating expulsion from trade unions which had been previously estab-lished in Swedish case law. Therefore, I have also examined whether national law is in conformity with the demands that follow from the convention. The examination has mainly followed a legal-dogmatic method, with particular emphasis on case law from the European Court of Human Rights.

My examination has shown that, in cases of expulsion from trade unions, Swedish law allows courts to decide the case on the merits due to the im-portance of the union membership for the person expulsed. In such cases, the decision on the merits is based on an objective interpretation of the internal rules of the union.

Keeping in mind the freedom of association as protected in the European Convention on Human Rights, I have concluded that this legal position must be modified. The main rule ought to be that courts are not allowed to try ex-pulsions from trade unions on the merits. Only in cases where the union is insufficiently independent of the state or is abusing a dominant position can the case be tried on the merits, due to the obligation of the state to protect the individual. In other cases, the court’s investigation must be limited to the question of whether the expulsion was carried out in accordance with the for-mal rules of the union – that is to say, trial on procedural grounds. In the case between Mats Fredlund and the Swedish Transport Workers Union, the union was sufficiently independent from the state, and there had been no abuse of a dominant position. Therefore, it was not possible for the court of appeal to try the case on the merits and invalidate the expulsion.}},
  author       = {{Ung, Hugo}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Fredas facken? – Domstolsprövning av uteslutning ur fackföreningar enligt Europakonventionen}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}