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Räckvidden av skiljeavtal - En studie av skiljeavtals omfattningsbestämning efter NJA 2023 s. 437 "Husqvarnas skiljeavtal"

Modig, Lucas LU (2024) JURM02 20242
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
Arbitration is, according to Swedish law, equivalent to court proceeding, when it comes to dispositive disputes. The basis of dispute resolution through arbitration, is an arbitration agreement between the litigants. Whether a dispute should be resolved through arbitration – when there is an arbitration agree-ment between the litigants – is dependent on the scope of their arbitration agreement. The arbitration panel lack competence to review the matter if the dispute falls outside the scope of an arbitration agreement. When determining the scope of an arbitration agreement, two questions generally arise. The so-called identification requirement in Section 1 of The Arbitration Act (1999:116) must be fulfilled. If it´s not clear that this... (More)
Arbitration is, according to Swedish law, equivalent to court proceeding, when it comes to dispositive disputes. The basis of dispute resolution through arbitration, is an arbitration agreement between the litigants. Whether a dispute should be resolved through arbitration – when there is an arbitration agree-ment between the litigants – is dependent on the scope of their arbitration agreement. The arbitration panel lack competence to review the matter if the dispute falls outside the scope of an arbitration agreement. When determining the scope of an arbitration agreement, two questions generally arise. The so-called identification requirement in Section 1 of The Arbitration Act (1999:116) must be fulfilled. If it´s not clear that this requirement is fulfilled, the scope of an arbitration agreement shall be determined by interpretation of the agreement. Which principles that governs the determination of an arbitra-tion agreement´s scope, is the subject of this essay. The question about the scope of an arbitration agreement can – according to Swedish arbitrational law – emerge in four different ways: (1) when a party invoke an arbitration agreement as a procedural impediment in court, (2) in the arbitration panel´s examination of their own competence, (3) when a party demands a review of the arbitration panel´s examination of their own competence in accordance with Section 2 of The Arbitration Act (1999:116), or (4) in a protest action after the arbitration. In practice, the question arises often and therefore it´s purposeful to investigate this question.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate how the scope of an arbitration agreement is determined according to Swedish law. To investigate the legal situation regarding this matter is purposeful as the Supreme Court’s case law has been partly contradictory. To fulfill the purpose, preferentially case law will be used, as there aren’t any clear answers in the legislation or the legislative history. To fulfill the purpose of this essay, the legal dogmatics-method is used. As the legal situation concerning the scope of an arbitration agreement is unclear today, this essay has legal development-character.

The essay begins with a background to the arbitration rules, with focus on the arbitration agreement. The arbitration agreement has procedural- as well as a civil law character and must be treated accordingly. An arbitration agreement has often the form of a standardized clause in the party´s commercial agreement, which can cause difficulties in determining the party´s intentions. Afterwards, the identification requirement in Section 1 of The Arbitration Act (1999:116) is discussed. If the arbitration agreement concerns a future dispute, the legal relationship must be sufficiently individualized in the agree-ment. Based on recent case law, it´s concluded that not only disputes concerning the commercial agreement shall be resolved through arbitration when the commercial agreement contains an arbitration clause but also disputes about eventual call-off agreements. Thereafter, the principles for interpretation of arbitration agreements are discussed. The purview of an arbitration agreement shall be decided on the basis of principles of contractual interpretation. In recent case law, a more extensive interpretation of arbitration agreements than before has been practiced, not least in NJA 2019 p. 171 ‘Belgor’ and NJA 2023 p. 437 ‘Husqvarnas skiljeavtal’. Lastly the doctrine of connection is discussed. The doctrine of connection means that the scope of an arbitration agreement could be extended to cover relationships related to the legal relationship pointed out in the arbitration agreement. The Supreme Court annualized in principle the doctrine of connection in NJA 2010 p. 734 ‘Tupperware’ and NJA 2017 p. 226 ‘Avräkningsavtalet’, but there are signs that the importance of the doctrine is increased through NJA 2019 p. 171 ‘Belgor’. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Skiljeförfarande är i svensk rätt jämställt med tvistlösning i allmän domstol beträffande dispositiva tvistemål. Grunden för tvistlösning genom skiljeförfarande, är ett skiljeavtal mellan parterna. Huruvida en uppkommen tvist ska lösas genom skiljeförfarande – när det finns ett skiljeavtal parterna emellan – är avhängigt skiljeavtalets (objektiva) omfattning. Skiljenämnden saknar behörighet att avgöra en tvist som faller utanför skiljeavtalets objektiva omfattning. Vid avgörandet av ett skiljeavtals objektiva omfattning uppkommer i princip alltid två frågor. Skiljeavtalet måste uppfylla identifieringskravet i 1 § 1 st. lag (1999:166) om skiljeförfarande avseende den väckta tvisten. Om det inte är givet att identifieringskravet är uppfyllt,... (More)
Skiljeförfarande är i svensk rätt jämställt med tvistlösning i allmän domstol beträffande dispositiva tvistemål. Grunden för tvistlösning genom skiljeförfarande, är ett skiljeavtal mellan parterna. Huruvida en uppkommen tvist ska lösas genom skiljeförfarande – när det finns ett skiljeavtal parterna emellan – är avhängigt skiljeavtalets (objektiva) omfattning. Skiljenämnden saknar behörighet att avgöra en tvist som faller utanför skiljeavtalets objektiva omfattning. Vid avgörandet av ett skiljeavtals objektiva omfattning uppkommer i princip alltid två frågor. Skiljeavtalet måste uppfylla identifieringskravet i 1 § 1 st. lag (1999:166) om skiljeförfarande avseende den väckta tvisten. Om det inte är givet att identifieringskravet är uppfyllt, behöver den objektiva omfattningen av skiljeavtalet bestämmas genom tolkning av detsamma. Vilka faktorer och principer som styr denna omfattningsbestämning enligt svensk rätt är föremålet för uppsatsen. Frågan om skiljeavtalets objektiva omfattning kan – i svensk skiljemannarätt – uppkomma på fyra olika sätt: (1) inom ramen för en rättegångshindersprövning i allmän domstol eftersom skiljeavtal utgör rättegångshinder, (2) i skiljenämndens behörighetsprövning, (3) när skiljesvaranden begär överprövning av skiljenämndens behörighetsprövning enligt 2 § 2 st. lag (1999:116) om skiljeförfarande, och (4) i ett efterföljande mål om klander av skiljedom. Frågan om skiljeavtalets objektiva omfattning uppstår ofta i praktiken, varför det är meningsfullt att göra denna utredning.

Uppsatsen syftar till att utreda hur den objektiva omfattningen av ett skiljeavtal bestäms enligt svensk rätt. Att fastställa rättsläget beträffande denna omfattningsbestämning är meningsfullt med hänsyn till att Högsta domstolens praxis på området varit delvis motsägelsefull. För att uppfylla syftet kommer företrädesvis rättspraxis att användas, eftersom det saknas svar i lagstiftningen och förarbetena. För att uppfylla syftet med uppsatsen, används den rättsdogmatiska metoden. Eftersom rättsläget beträffande den objektiva omfattningsbestämningen av skiljeavtal är oklart idag, har denna uppsats en rättsutvecklande karaktär.

Uppsatsen inleds med en bakgrund till det skiljemannarättsliga området, där fokus ligger på skiljeavtalet. Skiljeavtalet är ett avtal med såväl processrättsliga som civilrättsliga inslag och måste behandlas därefter. Ett skiljeavtal har ofta formen av en standardmässigt utformad klausul i parternas huvudsakliga kontraktshandling, vilket kan vålla svårigheter med att utreda vad parterna har avsett. Efter detta behandlas identifieringskravet i 1 § 1 st. lag (1999:116) om skiljeförfarande. Skiljeavtalet får endast avse en framtida tvist om rättsförhållandet pekas ut i skiljeavtalet. Utifrån senare rättspraxis dras slutsatsen att inte enbart tvister rörande parternas affärsavtal ska lösas genom skiljeförfarande, när detta innehåller en skiljeklausul, utan även tvister rörande eventuella avropsavtal. Därefter diskuteras principerna för tolkning av skiljeavtal. Räckvidden av ett skiljeavtal ska bestämmas utifrån sedvanliga principer för avtalstolkning. I senare rättspraxis har en mer extensiv tolkningslära än tidigare tilllämpats, inte minst i NJA 2019 s. 171 ”Belgor” och NJA 2023 s. 437 ”Husqvarnas skiljeavtal”. Slutligen diskuteras anknytningsdoktrinen. Anknytningsdoktrinen innebär att ett skiljeavtal – genom avtalstolkning – kan utsträckas till att omfatta förhållanden som endast anknyter till det rättsförhållande som pekas ut i skiljeavtalet. Högsta domstolen tillintetgjorde i princip betydelsen av anknytningsdoktrinen i NJA 2010 s. 734 ”Tupperware” och NJA 2017 s. 226 ”Avräkningsavtalet”, men det finns tecken på att doktrinen återigen får ökad betydelse genom NJA 2019 s. 171 ”Belgor”. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Modig, Lucas LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The Scope of Arbitral Agreements - A Study of the Scope of Arbitral Agreements following NJA 2023 p. 437 ‘Husqvarnas skiljeavtal’
course
JURM02 20242
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
civilrätt, processrätt, civilprocessrätt, skiljeförfarande, skiljemannarätt, skiljeavtal, skiljeavtals objektiva omfattning, NJA 2023 s. 437 "Husqvarnas skiljeavtal"
language
Swedish
id
9179633
date added to LUP
2025-01-17 11:18:16
date last changed
2025-01-17 11:18:16
@misc{9179633,
  abstract     = {{Arbitration is, according to Swedish law, equivalent to court proceeding, when it comes to dispositive disputes. The basis of dispute resolution through arbitration, is an arbitration agreement between the litigants. Whether a dispute should be resolved through arbitration – when there is an arbitration agree-ment between the litigants – is dependent on the scope of their arbitration agreement. The arbitration panel lack competence to review the matter if the dispute falls outside the scope of an arbitration agreement. When determining the scope of an arbitration agreement, two questions generally arise. The so-called identification requirement in Section 1 of The Arbitration Act (1999:116) must be fulfilled. If it´s not clear that this requirement is fulfilled, the scope of an arbitration agreement shall be determined by interpretation of the agreement. Which principles that governs the determination of an arbitra-tion agreement´s scope, is the subject of this essay. The question about the scope of an arbitration agreement can – according to Swedish arbitrational law – emerge in four different ways: (1) when a party invoke an arbitration agreement as a procedural impediment in court, (2) in the arbitration panel´s examination of their own competence, (3) when a party demands a review of the arbitration panel´s examination of their own competence in accordance with Section 2 of The Arbitration Act (1999:116), or (4) in a protest action after the arbitration. In practice, the question arises often and therefore it´s purposeful to investigate this question.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate how the scope of an arbitration agreement is determined according to Swedish law. To investigate the legal situation regarding this matter is purposeful as the Supreme Court’s case law has been partly contradictory. To fulfill the purpose, preferentially case law will be used, as there aren’t any clear answers in the legislation or the legislative history. To fulfill the purpose of this essay, the legal dogmatics-method is used. As the legal situation concerning the scope of an arbitration agreement is unclear today, this essay has legal development-character.

The essay begins with a background to the arbitration rules, with focus on the arbitration agreement. The arbitration agreement has procedural- as well as a civil law character and must be treated accordingly. An arbitration agreement has often the form of a standardized clause in the party´s commercial agreement, which can cause difficulties in determining the party´s intentions. Afterwards, the identification requirement in Section 1 of The Arbitration Act (1999:116) is discussed. If the arbitration agreement concerns a future dispute, the legal relationship must be sufficiently individualized in the agree-ment. Based on recent case law, it´s concluded that not only disputes concerning the commercial agreement shall be resolved through arbitration when the commercial agreement contains an arbitration clause but also disputes about eventual call-off agreements. Thereafter, the principles for interpretation of arbitration agreements are discussed. The purview of an arbitration agreement shall be decided on the basis of principles of contractual interpretation. In recent case law, a more extensive interpretation of arbitration agreements than before has been practiced, not least in NJA 2019 p. 171 ‘Belgor’ and NJA 2023 p. 437 ‘Husqvarnas skiljeavtal’. Lastly the doctrine of connection is discussed. The doctrine of connection means that the scope of an arbitration agreement could be extended to cover relationships related to the legal relationship pointed out in the arbitration agreement. The Supreme Court annualized in principle the doctrine of connection in NJA 2010 p. 734 ‘Tupperware’ and NJA 2017 p. 226 ‘Avräkningsavtalet’, but there are signs that the importance of the doctrine is increased through NJA 2019 p. 171 ‘Belgor’.}},
  author       = {{Modig, Lucas}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Räckvidden av skiljeavtal - En studie av skiljeavtals omfattningsbestämning efter NJA 2023 s. 437 "Husqvarnas skiljeavtal"}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}