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Housing recovery outcomes after typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines : a critical realist perspective

Arroyo, Ivette LU and Åstrand, Johnny LU (2019) In Journal of Critical Realism 18(2). p.142-168
Abstract

Typhoon Haiyan damaged around a million houses in the Philippines in November 2013. It especially affected the poor. Using a realist laminated ontology, this paper explains how multiple causal mechanisms triggered unexpected outcomes in the housing recovery programme in the province of Leyte. The proposed causal mechanisms were: the intentional causal agency of the Filipino power elite; the collaboration–competition dilemma among individual agents and social structures; the constraints faced by the National Housing Authority with regards to procurement and budget; unfreedoms for resilient resettlement; secondary side effects of land and resettlement policies; and the under the table practice of bribery. The combination of these multiple... (More)

Typhoon Haiyan damaged around a million houses in the Philippines in November 2013. It especially affected the poor. Using a realist laminated ontology, this paper explains how multiple causal mechanisms triggered unexpected outcomes in the housing recovery programme in the province of Leyte. The proposed causal mechanisms were: the intentional causal agency of the Filipino power elite; the collaboration–competition dilemma among individual agents and social structures; the constraints faced by the National Housing Authority with regards to procurement and budget; unfreedoms for resilient resettlement; secondary side effects of land and resettlement policies; and the under the table practice of bribery. The combination of these multiple causal mechanisms generated emergent outcomes such as low output of permanent post-disaster housing, generic housing solutions that cannot be extended, reproduction of pre-disaster vulnerabilities, recovery of valuable land by the Filipino elite and allocation of public funding to a limited range of recipients.

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author
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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
causal mechanisms, critical realism, Housing recovery, the Philippines, typhoon Haiyan
in
Journal of Critical Realism
volume
18
issue
2
pages
142 - 168
publisher
Maney Publishing
external identifiers
  • scopus:85065126557
ISSN
1476-7430
DOI
10.1080/14767430.2019.1605667
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
04fcf3fa-f284-499a-a6e1-f1b1c1cf7742
date added to LUP
2019-05-17 12:18:59
date last changed
2023-11-14 15:48:39
@article{04fcf3fa-f284-499a-a6e1-f1b1c1cf7742,
  abstract     = {{<p>Typhoon Haiyan damaged around a million houses in the Philippines in November 2013. It especially affected the poor. Using a realist laminated ontology, this paper explains how multiple causal mechanisms triggered unexpected outcomes in the housing recovery programme in the province of Leyte. The proposed causal mechanisms were: the intentional causal agency of the Filipino power elite; the collaboration–competition dilemma among individual agents and social structures; the constraints faced by the National Housing Authority with regards to procurement and budget; unfreedoms for resilient resettlement; secondary side effects of land and resettlement policies; and the under the table practice of bribery. The combination of these multiple causal mechanisms generated emergent outcomes such as low output of permanent post-disaster housing, generic housing solutions that cannot be extended, reproduction of pre-disaster vulnerabilities, recovery of valuable land by the Filipino elite and allocation of public funding to a limited range of recipients.</p>}},
  author       = {{Arroyo, Ivette and Åstrand, Johnny}},
  issn         = {{1476-7430}},
  keywords     = {{causal mechanisms; critical realism; Housing recovery; the Philippines; typhoon Haiyan}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{142--168}},
  publisher    = {{Maney Publishing}},
  series       = {{Journal of Critical Realism}},
  title        = {{Housing recovery outcomes after typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines : a critical realist perspective}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2019.1605667}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/14767430.2019.1605667}},
  volume       = {{18}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}