Simulating dust emissions and secondary organic aerosol formation over northern Africa during the mid-Holocene Green Sahara period
(2023) In Climate of the Past 19(12). p.2445-2462- Abstract
Paleo-proxy data indicate that a “Green Sahara” thrived in northern Africa during the early- to mid-Holocene (MH; 11 000 to 5000 years before present), characterized by more vegetation cover and reduced dust emissions. Utilizing a state-of-the-art atmospheric chemical transport model, TM5-MP, we assessed the changes in biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions, dust emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentrations in northern Africa during this period relative to the pre-industrial (PI) period. Our simulations show that dust emissions reduced from 280.6 Tg a−1 in the PI to 26.8 Tg a−1 in the MH, agreeing with indications from eight marine sediment records in the Atlantic Ocean. The northward... (More)
Paleo-proxy data indicate that a “Green Sahara” thrived in northern Africa during the early- to mid-Holocene (MH; 11 000 to 5000 years before present), characterized by more vegetation cover and reduced dust emissions. Utilizing a state-of-the-art atmospheric chemical transport model, TM5-MP, we assessed the changes in biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions, dust emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentrations in northern Africa during this period relative to the pre-industrial (PI) period. Our simulations show that dust emissions reduced from 280.6 Tg a−1 in the PI to 26.8 Tg a−1 in the MH, agreeing with indications from eight marine sediment records in the Atlantic Ocean. The northward expansion in northern Africa resulted in an increase in annual emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes during the MH, around 4.3 and 3.5 times higher than that in the PI period, respectively, causing a 1.9-times increase in the SOA surface concentration. Concurrently, enhanced BVOC emissions consumed more hydroxyl radical (OH), resulting in less sulfate formation. This effect counteracted the enhanced SOA surface concentration, altogether leading to a 17 % increase in the cloud condensation nuclei at 0.2 % super saturation over northern Africa. Our simulations provide consistent emission datasets of BVOCs, dust and the SOA formation aligned with the northward shift of vegetation during the “Green Sahara” period, which could serve as a benchmark for MH aerosol input in future Earth system model simulation experiments.
(Less)
- author
- organization
- publishing date
- 2023-12-05
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- in
- Climate of the Past
- volume
- 19
- issue
- 12
- pages
- 18 pages
- publisher
- Copernicus GmbH
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85180613387
- ISSN
- 1814-9324
- DOI
- 10.5194/cp-19-2445-2023
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 05a76b18-f48e-4f2f-b4e6-ae0b81109a9e
- date added to LUP
- 2024-01-29 14:41:45
- date last changed
- 2024-01-29 14:44:00
@article{05a76b18-f48e-4f2f-b4e6-ae0b81109a9e,
abstract = {{<p>Paleo-proxy data indicate that a “Green Sahara” thrived in northern Africa during the early- to mid-Holocene (MH; 11 000 to 5000 years before present), characterized by more vegetation cover and reduced dust emissions. Utilizing a state-of-the-art atmospheric chemical transport model, TM5-MP, we assessed the changes in biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions, dust emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentrations in northern Africa during this period relative to the pre-industrial (PI) period. Our simulations show that dust emissions reduced from 280.6 Tg a<sup>−1</sup> in the PI to 26.8 Tg a<sup>−1</sup> in the MH, agreeing with indications from eight marine sediment records in the Atlantic Ocean. The northward expansion in northern Africa resulted in an increase in annual emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes during the MH, around 4.3 and 3.5 times higher than that in the PI period, respectively, causing a 1.9-times increase in the SOA surface concentration. Concurrently, enhanced BVOC emissions consumed more hydroxyl radical (OH), resulting in less sulfate formation. This effect counteracted the enhanced SOA surface concentration, altogether leading to a 17 % increase in the cloud condensation nuclei at 0.2 % super saturation over northern Africa. Our simulations provide consistent emission datasets of BVOCs, dust and the SOA formation aligned with the northward shift of vegetation during the “Green Sahara” period, which could serve as a benchmark for MH aerosol input in future Earth system model simulation experiments.</p>}},
author = {{Zhou, Putian and Lu, Zhengyao and Keskinen, Jukka Pekka and Zhang, Qiong and Lento, Juha and Bian, Jianpu and van Noije, Twan and Le Sager, Philippe and Kerminen, Veli Matti and Kulmala, Markku and Boy, Michael and Makkonen, Risto}},
issn = {{1814-9324}},
language = {{eng}},
month = {{12}},
number = {{12}},
pages = {{2445--2462}},
publisher = {{Copernicus GmbH}},
series = {{Climate of the Past}},
title = {{Simulating dust emissions and secondary organic aerosol formation over northern Africa during the mid-Holocene Green Sahara period}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2445-2023}},
doi = {{10.5194/cp-19-2445-2023}},
volume = {{19}},
year = {{2023}},
}