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Association of anxiety or depression with risk of recurrent cardiovascular events and death after myocardial infarction : A nationwide registry study

Flygare, Oskar ; Boberg, Julia ; Rück, Christian ; Hofmann, Robin ; Leosdottir, Margret LU ; Mataix-Cols, David LU ; de la Cruz, Lorena Fernández ; Richman, Peter and Wallert, John (2023) In International Journal of Cardiology 381. p.120-127
Abstract

Background: Depression and anxiety are risk factors for patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, the association of a previous psychiatric diagnosis of anxiety or depression, or only such self-reported symptoms, with cardiovascular outcomes and mortality post-MI has not been previously examined in the same nationwide cohort. Methods: We linked demographic, socioeconomic and clinical data from four nationwide Swedish registries for patients enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after first-time MI (2006–2015, N = 45,096). After multiple imputation, we applied Cox regression to estimate the post-MI outcome risk for patients with a previous psychiatric diagnosis of anxiety/depression (Diagnosis), patients with no formal... (More)

Background: Depression and anxiety are risk factors for patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, the association of a previous psychiatric diagnosis of anxiety or depression, or only such self-reported symptoms, with cardiovascular outcomes and mortality post-MI has not been previously examined in the same nationwide cohort. Methods: We linked demographic, socioeconomic and clinical data from four nationwide Swedish registries for patients enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after first-time MI (2006–2015, N = 45,096). After multiple imputation, we applied Cox regression to estimate the post-MI outcome risk for patients with a previous psychiatric diagnosis of anxiety/depression (Diagnosis), patients with no formal diagnosis but self-reported symptoms of anxiety/depression (Symptoms), versus patients with neither Diagnosis nor Symptoms (Reference). Results: During one-year follow-up, fully adjusted models showed that patients with Diagnosis had a higher risk (hazard ratio [95%CI]) of all-cause mortality (1.86 [1.36, 2.53]), reinfarction (1.14 [1.06, 1.22]), their composite (1.15 [1.07, 1.23]), and an extended cardiovascular composite (1.19 [1.12, 1.26]), versus Reference, even though 77% reported no symptoms at the time of MI. In patients with Symptoms, estimates were also elevated yet somewhat attenuated compared to Reference. Findings were overall robust across multiple sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Both a previous diagnosis, and present self-reported symptoms of anxiety or depression are associated with an increased risk of death and recurrent cardiovascular events in adults with first-time MI. Only screening for present symptoms is inadequate for assessing this excessive risk. Assessment of both psychiatric history and self-reported symptoms seems warranted for these patients.

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author
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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Cardiovascular disease, Mood disorders, Secondary prevention
in
International Journal of Cardiology
volume
381
pages
8 pages
publisher
Elsevier
external identifiers
  • pmid:37080468
  • scopus:85153331787
ISSN
0167-5273
DOI
10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.04.023
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
07740db3-d331-4aa0-b97a-aea6c0fbb93f
date added to LUP
2023-06-20 14:45:50
date last changed
2024-12-01 22:13:46
@article{07740db3-d331-4aa0-b97a-aea6c0fbb93f,
  abstract     = {{<p>Background: Depression and anxiety are risk factors for patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, the association of a previous psychiatric diagnosis of anxiety or depression, or only such self-reported symptoms, with cardiovascular outcomes and mortality post-MI has not been previously examined in the same nationwide cohort. Methods: We linked demographic, socioeconomic and clinical data from four nationwide Swedish registries for patients enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after first-time MI (2006–2015, N = 45,096). After multiple imputation, we applied Cox regression to estimate the post-MI outcome risk for patients with a previous psychiatric diagnosis of anxiety/depression (Diagnosis), patients with no formal diagnosis but self-reported symptoms of anxiety/depression (Symptoms), versus patients with neither Diagnosis nor Symptoms (Reference). Results: During one-year follow-up, fully adjusted models showed that patients with Diagnosis had a higher risk (hazard ratio [95%CI]) of all-cause mortality (1.86 [1.36, 2.53]), reinfarction (1.14 [1.06, 1.22]), their composite (1.15 [1.07, 1.23]), and an extended cardiovascular composite (1.19 [1.12, 1.26]), versus Reference, even though 77% reported no symptoms at the time of MI. In patients with Symptoms, estimates were also elevated yet somewhat attenuated compared to Reference. Findings were overall robust across multiple sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Both a previous diagnosis, and present self-reported symptoms of anxiety or depression are associated with an increased risk of death and recurrent cardiovascular events in adults with first-time MI. Only screening for present symptoms is inadequate for assessing this excessive risk. Assessment of both psychiatric history and self-reported symptoms seems warranted for these patients.</p>}},
  author       = {{Flygare, Oskar and Boberg, Julia and Rück, Christian and Hofmann, Robin and Leosdottir, Margret and Mataix-Cols, David and de la Cruz, Lorena Fernández and Richman, Peter and Wallert, John}},
  issn         = {{0167-5273}},
  keywords     = {{Cardiovascular disease; Mood disorders; Secondary prevention}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{120--127}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  series       = {{International Journal of Cardiology}},
  title        = {{Association of anxiety or depression with risk of recurrent cardiovascular events and death after myocardial infarction : A nationwide registry study}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.04.023}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.04.023}},
  volume       = {{381}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}