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The structure of EXTL3 helps to explain the different roles of bi-domain exostosins in heparan sulfate synthesis

Wilson, L. F. L. ; Dendooven, T. ; Hardwick, S. W. ; Echevarría-Poza, A. ; Tryfona, T. ; Krogh, K. B. R. M. ; Chirgadze, D. Y. ; Luisi, B. F. ; Logan, Derek T LU orcid and Mani, Katrin LU orcid , et al. (2022) In Nature Communications 13(3314).
Abstract
Heparan sulfate is a highly modified O-linked glycan that performs diverse physiological roles in animal tissues. Though quickly modified, it is initially synthesised as a polysaccharide of alternating β-d-glucuronosyl and N-acetyl-α-d-glucosaminyl residues by exostosins. These enzymes generally possess two glycosyltransferase domains (GT47 and GT64)—each thought to add one type of monosaccharide unit to the backbone. Although previous structures of murine exostosin-like 2 (EXTL2) provide insight into the GT64 domain, the rest of the bi-domain architecture is yet to be characterised; hence, how the two domains co-operate is unknown. Here, we report the structure of human exostosin-like 3 (EXTL3) in apo and UDP-bound forms. We explain the... (More)
Heparan sulfate is a highly modified O-linked glycan that performs diverse physiological roles in animal tissues. Though quickly modified, it is initially synthesised as a polysaccharide of alternating β-d-glucuronosyl and N-acetyl-α-d-glucosaminyl residues by exostosins. These enzymes generally possess two glycosyltransferase domains (GT47 and GT64)—each thought to add one type of monosaccharide unit to the backbone. Although previous structures of murine exostosin-like 2 (EXTL2) provide insight into the GT64 domain, the rest of the bi-domain architecture is yet to be characterised; hence, how the two domains co-operate is unknown. Here, we report the structure of human exostosin-like 3 (EXTL3) in apo and UDP-bound forms. We explain the ineffectiveness of EXTL3’s GT47 domain to transfer β-d-glucuronosyl units, and we observe that, in general, the bi-domain architecture would preclude a processive mechanism of backbone extension. We therefore propose that heparan sulfate backbone polymerisation occurs by a simple dissociative mechanism. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Heparan sulfate is a highly modified O-linked glycan that performs diverse physiological roles in animal tissues. Though quickly modified, it is initially synthesised as a polysaccharide of alternating β-D-glucuronosyl and N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl residues by exostosins. These enzymes generally possess two glycosyltransferase domains (GT47 and GT64)—each thought to add one type of monosaccharide unit to the backbone. Although previous structures of murine exostosin-like 2 (EXTL2) provide insight into the GT64 domain, the rest of the bi-domain architecture is yet to be characterised; hence, how the two domains co-operate is unknown. Here, we report the structure of human exostosin-like 3 (EXTL3) in apo and UDP-bound forms. We explain the... (More)
Heparan sulfate is a highly modified O-linked glycan that performs diverse physiological roles in animal tissues. Though quickly modified, it is initially synthesised as a polysaccharide of alternating β-D-glucuronosyl and N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl residues by exostosins. These enzymes generally possess two glycosyltransferase domains (GT47 and GT64)—each thought to add one type of monosaccharide unit to the backbone. Although previous structures of murine exostosin-like 2 (EXTL2) provide insight into the GT64 domain, the rest of the bi-domain architecture is yet to be characterised; hence, how the two domains co-operate is unknown. Here, we report the structure of human exostosin-like 3 (EXTL3) in apo and UDP-bound forms. We explain the ineffectiveness of EXTL3’s GT47 domain to transfer β-D-glucuronosyl units, and we observe that, in general, the bi-domain architecture would preclude a processive mechanism of backbone extension. We therefore propose that heparan sulfate backbone polymerisation occurs by a simple dissociative mechanism. (Less)
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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Nature Communications
volume
13
issue
3314
article number
3314
publisher
Nature Publishing Group
external identifiers
  • pmid:35676258
  • scopus:85131651026
ISSN
2041-1723
DOI
10.1038/s41467-022-31048-2
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
09ef3b08-9472-4af7-8fb3-a9a8b1413685
date added to LUP
2022-08-17 08:31:41
date last changed
2023-10-21 09:26:25
@article{09ef3b08-9472-4af7-8fb3-a9a8b1413685,
  abstract     = {{Heparan sulfate is a highly modified O-linked glycan that performs diverse physiological roles in animal tissues. Though quickly modified, it is initially synthesised as a polysaccharide of alternating β-d-glucuronosyl and N-acetyl-α-d-glucosaminyl residues by exostosins. These enzymes generally possess two glycosyltransferase domains (GT47 and GT64)—each thought to add one type of monosaccharide unit to the backbone. Although previous structures of murine exostosin-like 2 (EXTL2) provide insight into the GT64 domain, the rest of the bi-domain architecture is yet to be characterised; hence, how the two domains co-operate is unknown. Here, we report the structure of human exostosin-like 3 (EXTL3) in apo and UDP-bound forms. We explain the ineffectiveness of EXTL3’s GT47 domain to transfer β-d-glucuronosyl units, and we observe that, in general, the bi-domain architecture would preclude a processive mechanism of backbone extension. We therefore propose that heparan sulfate backbone polymerisation occurs by a simple dissociative mechanism.}},
  author       = {{Wilson, L. F. L. and Dendooven, T. and Hardwick, S. W. and Echevarría-Poza, A. and Tryfona, T. and Krogh, K. B. R. M. and Chirgadze, D. Y. and Luisi, B. F. and Logan, Derek T and Mani, Katrin and Dupree, P.}},
  issn         = {{2041-1723}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{06}},
  number       = {{3314}},
  publisher    = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  series       = {{Nature Communications}},
  title        = {{The structure of EXTL3 helps to explain the different roles of bi-domain exostosins in heparan sulfate synthesis}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31048-2}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/s41467-022-31048-2}},
  volume       = {{13}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}