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Multiproxy Reconstructions of Integral Energy Spectra for Extreme Solar Particle Events of 7176 BCE, 660 BCE, 775 CE, and 994 CE

Koldobskiy, Sergey ; Mekhaldi, Florian LU ; Kovaltsov, Gennady and Usoskin, Ilya (2023) In Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 128(3).
Abstract

Extreme solar particle events (ESPEs) are rare and the most potent known processes of solar eruptive activity. During ESPEs, a vast amount of cosmogenic isotopes (CIs) 10Be, 36Cl, and 14C can be produced in the Earth's atmosphere and deposited in natural stratified archives. Accordingly, CI measurements in these archives allow us to evaluate particle fluxes during ESPEs. In this work, we present a new method of ESPE fluence (integral flux) reconstruction based on state-of-the-art modeling advances, allowing to fit together different CI data within one model. We represent the ESPE fluence as an ensemble of scaled fluence reconstructions for ground-level enhancement (GLE) events registered by the neutron... (More)

Extreme solar particle events (ESPEs) are rare and the most potent known processes of solar eruptive activity. During ESPEs, a vast amount of cosmogenic isotopes (CIs) 10Be, 36Cl, and 14C can be produced in the Earth's atmosphere and deposited in natural stratified archives. Accordingly, CI measurements in these archives allow us to evaluate particle fluxes during ESPEs. In this work, we present a new method of ESPE fluence (integral flux) reconstruction based on state-of-the-art modeling advances, allowing to fit together different CI data within one model. We represent the ESPE fluence as an ensemble of scaled fluence reconstructions for ground-level enhancement (GLE) events registered by the neutron monitor network since 1956 coupled with satellite and ionospheric measurements data. Reconstructed ESPE fluences appear softer in its spectral shape than earlier estimates, leading to significantly higher estimates of the low-energy (E < 100 MeV) fluence. This makes ESPEs even more dangerous for modern technological systems than previously believed. Reconstructed ESPE fluences are fitted with a modified Band function, which eases the use of obtained results in different applications.

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author
; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
cosmogenic isotopes, extreme solar particle events, solar activity, solar energetic particles
in
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
volume
128
issue
3
article number
e2022JA031186
publisher
Wiley-Blackwell
external identifiers
  • scopus:85152458529
ISSN
2169-9380
DOI
10.1029/2022JA031186
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
0a610874-dc3a-46d1-aa62-8fa7a8e252cf
date added to LUP
2023-08-04 17:39:08
date last changed
2023-08-04 17:39:08
@article{0a610874-dc3a-46d1-aa62-8fa7a8e252cf,
  abstract     = {{<p>Extreme solar particle events (ESPEs) are rare and the most potent known processes of solar eruptive activity. During ESPEs, a vast amount of cosmogenic isotopes (CIs) <sup>10</sup>Be, <sup>36</sup>Cl, and <sup>14</sup>C can be produced in the Earth's atmosphere and deposited in natural stratified archives. Accordingly, CI measurements in these archives allow us to evaluate particle fluxes during ESPEs. In this work, we present a new method of ESPE fluence (integral flux) reconstruction based on state-of-the-art modeling advances, allowing to fit together different CI data within one model. We represent the ESPE fluence as an ensemble of scaled fluence reconstructions for ground-level enhancement (GLE) events registered by the neutron monitor network since 1956 coupled with satellite and ionospheric measurements data. Reconstructed ESPE fluences appear softer in its spectral shape than earlier estimates, leading to significantly higher estimates of the low-energy (E &lt; 100 MeV) fluence. This makes ESPEs even more dangerous for modern technological systems than previously believed. Reconstructed ESPE fluences are fitted with a modified Band function, which eases the use of obtained results in different applications.</p>}},
  author       = {{Koldobskiy, Sergey and Mekhaldi, Florian and Kovaltsov, Gennady and Usoskin, Ilya}},
  issn         = {{2169-9380}},
  keywords     = {{cosmogenic isotopes; extreme solar particle events; solar activity; solar energetic particles}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{3}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley-Blackwell}},
  series       = {{Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics}},
  title        = {{Multiproxy Reconstructions of Integral Energy Spectra for Extreme Solar Particle Events of 7176 BCE, 660 BCE, 775 CE, and 994 CE}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022JA031186}},
  doi          = {{10.1029/2022JA031186}},
  volume       = {{128}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}