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"Har du varit ute och shoppat, Jacob?" : En studie av Finansinspektionens utredning av insiderbrott under 1990-talet

Wesser, Erik LU (2001) In Lund Dissertations in Sociology 45.
Abstract
In this dissertation the Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority's (FSA) investigation of suspected insider trading offences is examined and analysed. The aim of the study is to describe FSA's investigative activity in insider cases during the 1990?s, a period of both increased activity on the Swedish stock market as well as changed regulation. The study places the investigation of insider offences into a wider context of regulation of the securities market. The empirical material consists of the chronological diaries kept in 344 insider cases between 1991 and 1999. The main theoretical theme in the study is case-processing activities in public bureaucracies, and the theoretical starting-point is sociological neo-institutional organization... (More)
In this dissertation the Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority's (FSA) investigation of suspected insider trading offences is examined and analysed. The aim of the study is to describe FSA's investigative activity in insider cases during the 1990?s, a period of both increased activity on the Swedish stock market as well as changed regulation. The study places the investigation of insider offences into a wider context of regulation of the securities market. The empirical material consists of the chronological diaries kept in 344 insider cases between 1991 and 1999. The main theoretical theme in the study is case-processing activities in public bureaucracies, and the theoretical starting-point is sociological neo-institutional organization analysis, combined with an action-focused perspective of activities at the micro-level of organizations. Macro- and micro levels of organizational life are intertwined, and grass root level activities can be seen as parts of a transformation process where desicion-making in complex micro-settings contributes to the creation of macro-structures. Insider trading has gradually been subject to more extensive criminalization during the last three decades of the 20th century, and the legal rules provide space for discretionary decisions. Suspected offences are sent to the prosecutor, since FSA has no authority itself to punish an illegal act. While a subordinate activity in terms of penal sanctions (the penal law perspective), the investigative activities at FSA can simultaneously be thought of as a proactive and transparency-achieving effort (the supervision perspective). The findings suggest that illegal insider trading should be thought of as a corporate phenomenon in terms of formal and informal rules about information handling and trading in the company's own securities, rather than an individually caused phenomenon disentangled from social and cultural factors. The investigating efforts at FSA are clearly made with one eye focused on the prosecutor and the possible successful prosecution of the case. The investigator often thinks the investigated behavior is highly inappropriate even though it cannot be proven illegal. While the private marketplaces have been given the main responsibility for the monitoring and detection of illegal behaviour on the securities market, the cases initiated by the marketplaces? own monitoring units often do not lead to referred investigations from FSA to the prosecutor. The majority of cases sent to the prosecutor are initiated by the FSA investigators themselves. An increased work load during the last years of the 1990's resulted in longer investigation times, fewer requests for supporting information, and an increase in cases closed by FSA with reference to time-delay. At the same time a more selective and offensive investigative strategy was embraced by FSA, as a comparatively large number of cases were sent to the prosecutor after shorter periods of investigation. The underlying idea in the current securities market regulative model, with shared responsibilities among various public and private bodies, is that the different tasks in the process are possible to uncouple, given a functioning co-ordination between the market, the regulators and the prosecutor. The study points to institutional disparaties concerning both world views and incitaments that must be over-bridged in order to secure a functioning regulative order against market abuse. The findings stress that regulation is not merely a matter of how the law is written, but also how it is implemented in the every day activities at the micro-level of organizations. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Aktie- och fondsparandet bland allmänheten har ökat dramatiskt i Sverige under 1990-talet, och allt fler företag har valt börsintroducering som finansieringsform. På så sätt har frågor som rör värdepappersmarknaden fått en ökad och mer allmän relevans, inte minst när det gäller regleringen av vad som är tillåtet och otillåtet att göra på marknaden. Både från statligt håll och från de olika instituten på marknaden betonar man risken för att förtroendet för värdepappersmarknaden minskar om vissa aktörer beter sig olämpligt. Otillåten insiderhandel är i detta sammanhang en företeelse som förklarats vara så allvarlig att den kriminaliserats, och insiderbrott kan leda till fängelse i upp till två år.... (More)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Aktie- och fondsparandet bland allmänheten har ökat dramatiskt i Sverige under 1990-talet, och allt fler företag har valt börsintroducering som finansieringsform. På så sätt har frågor som rör värdepappersmarknaden fått en ökad och mer allmän relevans, inte minst när det gäller regleringen av vad som är tillåtet och otillåtet att göra på marknaden. Både från statligt håll och från de olika instituten på marknaden betonar man risken för att förtroendet för värdepappersmarknaden minskar om vissa aktörer beter sig olämpligt. Otillåten insiderhandel är i detta sammanhang en företeelse som förklarats vara så allvarlig att den kriminaliserats, och insiderbrott kan leda till fängelse i upp till två år. Ett insiderbrott består i att en person i strid mot insiderlagen utnyttjar ett informationsförsprång gentemot andra i sina aktieaffärer; om man har kunskap om en viss händelse som kommer att påverka aktiekursen markant får man inte köpa eller sälja aktier innan händelsen blivit allmänt känd på marknaden. Det är Finansinspektionen som har fått i uppdrag att utreda misstänkta insiderbrott, och lämna över dem till Ekobrottsmyndighetens åklagare för vidare prövning. Jämfört med annan ekonomisk brottslighet är det endast ett fåtal insiderärenden som leder till fällande dom, vilket ger upphov till frågor om samhällets möjligheter att upptäcka, utreda och bestraffa otillåtna beteenden på värdepappersmarknaden. I avhandlingen framgår det hur inspektionens utredare uppmärksammar oegentligheter, hämtar in information, gör bedömningar och tar beslut, och på så sätt ger insiderlagen ett liv bortom den skriva förbudsregeln. Av de 344 insiderärenden som öppnats vid Finansinspektionen mellan 1991 och 1999 är det 27 stycken som gått vidare till åklagaren. I åtta fall har åtal väckts, och det har blivit fällande dom i sex av dessa ärenden. När man tittar närmare på hur utredarna vid Finansinspektionen sorterar ut vissa fall, och lägger ner utredningen i andra, visar det sig att det är en mängd faktorer som spelar in, inte bara hur allvarligt en handling anses vara. I utredningsverksamheten visar sig bland annat skillnader i synsätt och drivkrafter mellan marknadsplatserna, tillsynsmyndigheten och åklagaren. En stor del av insiderärendena härstammar från övervakningen som sker vid de olika marknadsplatserna, med Stockholmsbörsen som i särklass största aktör. Av de ärenden som lämnas över till åklagaren är det dock främst de ärenden som inspektionens utredare själva initierat som är representerade. Ärenden läggs ofta ner med hänvisning till att åklagaren har en mer restriktiv syn på vad som är tillåtet och otillåtet, även om de ur utredarens perspektiv bygger på handlingar som anses högst olämpliga. Med tanke på att en mycket stor del av de svenska börsbolagen varit föremål för insiderutredning, och att de misstänkta personerna i största utsträckning har haft en direkt knytning till det aktuella bolaget, är det rimligt att ifrågasätta synen på insiderbrott som en onormal och marginell företeelse. Det verkar som om brister i informationshanteringen och i principerna för handel i det egna bolagets aktier är en del av företagskulturen i många fall, snarare än brister i densamma. Ansvaret för regleringen av värdepappersmarknaden är fördelat på såväl privata som offentliga aktörer, och utredningen av insiderbrott kan i detta sammanhang peka på mer övergripande problem att styra en i stora delar självreglerad marknad. För att regleringen ska fungera krävs att det finns en samstämmighet mellan aktörerna i synen på vad som är oönskat och otillåtet beteende, men marknadsplatserna, Finansinspektionen och åklagaren har i stor utsträckning olika drivkrafter. I Finansinspektionens fall är frågan om insiderbrott inbäddad i en mer övergripande problemformulering som gäller informationshantering och aktiehandel bland marknadsaktörerna i stort.



Studien har gjorts inom ramen för forskningsprojektet ?Insiderbrott - kontrollmyndigheternas arbetssätt och marknadens attityder? vid Sociologiska institutionen, Lunds universitet. Projektet har finansierats av Brottsförebyggande rådet (BRÅ). (Less)
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author
supervisor
opponent
  • Larsson, Paul, National Police Directorate of Norway, Oslo
organization
alternative title
"Been Shopping, Jacob?" : A Study of the Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority's Investigation of Insider Trading Offences between 1991-1999
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
securities market, Insider trading, market abuse, financial crime, penal investigation, financial supervision, white collar crime, case-processing, organization theory, new institutionalism, regulation, governance, Sociology, Financial science, Fiscal law, Finansiering, Sociologi, Skatterätt
in
Lund Dissertations in Sociology
volume
45
pages
217 pages
publisher
Department of Sociology, Lund University
defense location
Carolinasalen, Kungshuset, Lund
defense date
2001-12-08 10:15:00
external identifiers
  • other:ISRN: /LUSADG/SASO-01/1146/SE
ISSN
1102-4712
ISBN
91-7267-114-9
language
Swedish
LU publication?
yes
id
0fb26643-5cea-4cdd-b112-6a33ff1d5d3d (old id 20124)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 17:15:19
date last changed
2021-11-17 10:54:24
@phdthesis{0fb26643-5cea-4cdd-b112-6a33ff1d5d3d,
  abstract     = {{In this dissertation the Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority's (FSA) investigation of suspected insider trading offences is examined and analysed. The aim of the study is to describe FSA's investigative activity in insider cases during the 1990?s, a period of both increased activity on the Swedish stock market as well as changed regulation. The study places the investigation of insider offences into a wider context of regulation of the securities market. The empirical material consists of the chronological diaries kept in 344 insider cases between 1991 and 1999. The main theoretical theme in the study is case-processing activities in public bureaucracies, and the theoretical starting-point is sociological neo-institutional organization analysis, combined with an action-focused perspective of activities at the micro-level of organizations. Macro- and micro levels of organizational life are intertwined, and grass root level activities can be seen as parts of a transformation process where desicion-making in complex micro-settings contributes to the creation of macro-structures. Insider trading has gradually been subject to more extensive criminalization during the last three decades of the 20th century, and the legal rules provide space for discretionary decisions. Suspected offences are sent to the prosecutor, since FSA has no authority itself to punish an illegal act. While a subordinate activity in terms of penal sanctions (the penal law perspective), the investigative activities at FSA can simultaneously be thought of as a proactive and transparency-achieving effort (the supervision perspective). The findings suggest that illegal insider trading should be thought of as a corporate phenomenon in terms of formal and informal rules about information handling and trading in the company's own securities, rather than an individually caused phenomenon disentangled from social and cultural factors. The investigating efforts at FSA are clearly made with one eye focused on the prosecutor and the possible successful prosecution of the case. The investigator often thinks the investigated behavior is highly inappropriate even though it cannot be proven illegal. While the private marketplaces have been given the main responsibility for the monitoring and detection of illegal behaviour on the securities market, the cases initiated by the marketplaces? own monitoring units often do not lead to referred investigations from FSA to the prosecutor. The majority of cases sent to the prosecutor are initiated by the FSA investigators themselves. An increased work load during the last years of the 1990's resulted in longer investigation times, fewer requests for supporting information, and an increase in cases closed by FSA with reference to time-delay. At the same time a more selective and offensive investigative strategy was embraced by FSA, as a comparatively large number of cases were sent to the prosecutor after shorter periods of investigation. The underlying idea in the current securities market regulative model, with shared responsibilities among various public and private bodies, is that the different tasks in the process are possible to uncouple, given a functioning co-ordination between the market, the regulators and the prosecutor. The study points to institutional disparaties concerning both world views and incitaments that must be over-bridged in order to secure a functioning regulative order against market abuse. The findings stress that regulation is not merely a matter of how the law is written, but also how it is implemented in the every day activities at the micro-level of organizations.}},
  author       = {{Wesser, Erik}},
  isbn         = {{91-7267-114-9}},
  issn         = {{1102-4712}},
  keywords     = {{securities market; Insider trading; market abuse; financial crime; penal investigation; financial supervision; white collar crime; case-processing; organization theory; new institutionalism; regulation; governance; Sociology; Financial science; Fiscal law; Finansiering; Sociologi; Skatterätt}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  publisher    = {{Department of Sociology, Lund University}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  series       = {{Lund Dissertations in Sociology}},
  title        = {{"Har du varit ute och shoppat, Jacob?" : En studie av Finansinspektionens utredning av insiderbrott under 1990-talet}},
  volume       = {{45}},
  year         = {{2001}},
}