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Omics Techniques Applied to Diabetes Research - Focus on HSL-Null Mice and Clonal β-Cells

Fernandez, Celine LU (2008) In Lund University Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2008:37.
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by increased blood glucose levels. For overt type 2 diabetes to develop, both insulin action and insulin secretion must be perturbed. In the work presented in this thesis, two models were analyzed: hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) null mice and a pancreatic clonal β-cell line to study the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and insulin secretion perturbations, respectively. To achieve this, techniques allowing a global analysis of the transcriptome, proteome and metabolome were used.

HSL is best known as the enzyme hydrolyzing acylglycerides stored in adipose tissue. But HSL has broad substrate specificity and is widely expressed elsewhere than in adipose tissue. Its role in... (More)
Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by increased blood glucose levels. For overt type 2 diabetes to develop, both insulin action and insulin secretion must be perturbed. In the work presented in this thesis, two models were analyzed: hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) null mice and a pancreatic clonal β-cell line to study the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and insulin secretion perturbations, respectively. To achieve this, techniques allowing a global analysis of the transcriptome, proteome and metabolome were used.

HSL is best known as the enzyme hydrolyzing acylglycerides stored in adipose tissue. But HSL has broad substrate specificity and is widely expressed elsewhere than in adipose tissue. Its role in non-adipose tissues is not completely understood, but the phenotype revealed by the characterization of several independently generated HSL-null mouse lines during the recent years suggests that HSL has several functions in addition to its role in adipocyte lipolysis. The role of HSL in the liver was studied in this thesis. More specifically, the liver phenotype of HSL-null mice was investigated at the transcriptome (Paper I and IV) and proteome (Paper IV) levels. The obtained results didn’t allow the obvious identification of possible mechanisms behind the hepatic insulin resistance observed in our HSL-null mouse strain. However, our results show that HSL plays an important role as a cholesteryl ester hydrolase in the liver and that HSL influences overall cholesterol homeostasis by indirectly controlling hepatic HDL-cholesterol clearance. We also demonstrated the importance of a cross-talk between white adipose tissue and liver that regulates cholesterol homeostasis via the type of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) released. Moreover, changes in expression of proteins involved in polyamine metabolism were observed in the liver of HSL-null mice, which could be responsible for the increased liver weight characterizing HSL-null mice. The physiological response of HSL-null mice to aerobic treadmill exercise was also investigated (Paper II). HSL was shown to play an important role during aerobic exercise in controlling the mobilization of lipid stores from white adipose tissue, a function which cannot be fully compensated by any other acylglyceride lipases.

Proteome and metabolome analyses were performed in Paper III to study glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in a β-cell line cultured in presence of normal or toxic glucose concentrations. A metabolite fingerprint which is characteristic for β-cells cultured at high glucose concentrations was obtained. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Gåfvels, Mats, Institutionen för Laboratoriemedicin, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sverige
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
metabolomics, transcriptomics, treadmill, liver, HSL, cholesterol, proteomics
in
Lund University Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series
volume
2008:37
pages
169 pages
publisher
Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund Univeristy
defense location
Segerfalkssalen, BMC, Sölvegatan 17
defense date
2008-04-17 09:15:00
ISSN
1652-8220
ISBN
978-91-85897-90-2
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
d02b6fba-9cc1-4ba4-87af-e071de312fa2 (old id 1047527)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 14:24:56
date last changed
2023-04-18 20:15:15
@phdthesis{d02b6fba-9cc1-4ba4-87af-e071de312fa2,
  abstract     = {{Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by increased blood glucose levels. For overt type 2 diabetes to develop, both insulin action and insulin secretion must be perturbed. In the work presented in this thesis, two models were analyzed: hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) null mice and a pancreatic clonal β-cell line to study the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and insulin secretion perturbations, respectively. To achieve this, techniques allowing a global analysis of the transcriptome, proteome and metabolome were used.<br/><br>
HSL is best known as the enzyme hydrolyzing acylglycerides stored in adipose tissue. But HSL has broad substrate specificity and is widely expressed elsewhere than in adipose tissue. Its role in non-adipose tissues is not completely understood, but the phenotype revealed by the characterization of several independently generated HSL-null mouse lines during the recent years suggests that HSL has several functions in addition to its role in adipocyte lipolysis. The role of HSL in the liver was studied in this thesis. More specifically, the liver phenotype of HSL-null mice was investigated at the transcriptome (Paper I and IV) and proteome (Paper IV) levels. The obtained results didn’t allow the obvious identification of possible mechanisms behind the hepatic insulin resistance observed in our HSL-null mouse strain. However, our results show that HSL plays an important role as a cholesteryl ester hydrolase in the liver and that HSL influences overall cholesterol homeostasis by indirectly controlling hepatic HDL-cholesterol clearance. We also demonstrated the importance of a cross-talk between white adipose tissue and liver that regulates cholesterol homeostasis via the type of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) released. Moreover, changes in expression of proteins involved in polyamine metabolism were observed in the liver of HSL-null mice, which could be responsible for the increased liver weight characterizing HSL-null mice. The physiological response of HSL-null mice to aerobic treadmill exercise was also investigated (Paper II). HSL was shown to play an important role during aerobic exercise in controlling the mobilization of lipid stores from white adipose tissue, a function which cannot be fully compensated by any other acylglyceride lipases. <br/><br>
Proteome and metabolome analyses were performed in Paper III to study glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in a β-cell line cultured in presence of normal or toxic glucose concentrations. A metabolite fingerprint which is characteristic for β-cells cultured at high glucose concentrations was obtained.}},
  author       = {{Fernandez, Celine}},
  isbn         = {{978-91-85897-90-2}},
  issn         = {{1652-8220}},
  keywords     = {{metabolomics; transcriptomics; treadmill; liver; HSL; cholesterol; proteomics}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund Univeristy}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  series       = {{Lund University Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series}},
  title        = {{Omics Techniques Applied to Diabetes Research - Focus on HSL-Null Mice and Clonal β-Cells}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/3963755/1047530.pdf}},
  volume       = {{2008:37}},
  year         = {{2008}},
}