PD fluids contain high concentrations of cytotoxic GDPs directly after sterilization
(2004) In Peritoneal Dialysis International 24(4). p.392-398- Abstract
- Objective: Glucose degradation products (GDPs) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids are cytotoxic and affect the survival of the peritoneal membrane. One of the most reactive GDPs in PD fluids is 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE). 3,4-DGE has been reported as an intermediate between 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) and 5-hydroxymethyl furaldehyde (5-HMF) during degradation of glucose. In PD fluids, 3,4-DGE exists in a temperature-dependent equilibrium with a pool of unidentified substances. The aim of this study was to explore this equilibrium and its temperature dependence during the first months of storage after the sterilization procedure.
Methods: GDPs and inhibition of cell growth (ICG) were measured directly after... (More) - Objective: Glucose degradation products (GDPs) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids are cytotoxic and affect the survival of the peritoneal membrane. One of the most reactive GDPs in PD fluids is 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE). 3,4-DGE has been reported as an intermediate between 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) and 5-hydroxymethyl furaldehyde (5-HMF) during degradation of glucose. In PD fluids, 3,4-DGE exists in a temperature-dependent equilibrium with a pool of unidentified substances. The aim of this study was to explore this equilibrium and its temperature dependence during the first months of storage after the sterilization procedure.
Methods: GDPs and inhibition of cell growth (ICG) were measured directly after sterilization of the PD fluid and during storage at different temperatures for 60 days. The following GDPs were analyzed: 3-DG, 3,4-DGE, 5-HMF, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal.
Results: Immediately after sterilization, the concentration of 3,4-DGE was 125 mumol/L. During the first weeks of storage, it decreased by about 80%. At the same time, the 3-DG concentration increased. None of the other GDPs were significantly affected. Cytotoxicity correlated well with the concentration of 3,4-DGE. When pure 3,4-DGE was substituted for the lost amount of 3,4-DGE after 30 days of storage, the initial ICG was almost completely regained.
Conclusions: Heat sterilization of PD fluids promotes the formation of large quantities of 3,4-DGE, rendering the fluid highly cytotoxic. During storage, the main part of 3,4-DGE is reversibly converted in a temperature-dependent manner to a less cytotoxic pool, consisting mainly of 3-DG. Cytotoxicity seems to be dependent exclusively on 3,4-DGE. In order to avoid higher levels of 3,4-DGE concentrations, PD fluids should not be used too soon after sterilization and should not be stored at temperatures above room temperature. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/127704
- author
- Erixon, Martin LU ; Lindén, Torbjörn ; Kjellstrand, Per ; Carlsson, Ola LU ; Ernebrant, Malin ; Forsbäck, Gunita ; Wieslander, Anders and Jönsson, Jan Åke LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2004
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- glucose, storage, 3, cytotoxicity, sterilization, 4-DGE
- in
- Peritoneal Dialysis International
- volume
- 24
- issue
- 4
- pages
- 392 - 398
- publisher
- Multimed Inc.
- external identifiers
-
- wos:000223443600016
- scopus:4444286745
- ISSN
- 1718-4304
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- additional info
- The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Department of Nephrology (013230024), Analytical Chemistry (S/LTH) (011001004)
- id
- 6a5e93cf-f6dc-4097-a75c-43f2cad51802 (old id 127704)
- alternative location
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez
- date added to LUP
- 2016-04-01 15:28:19
- date last changed
- 2022-02-19 23:26:08
@article{6a5e93cf-f6dc-4097-a75c-43f2cad51802, abstract = {{Objective: Glucose degradation products (GDPs) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids are cytotoxic and affect the survival of the peritoneal membrane. One of the most reactive GDPs in PD fluids is 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE). 3,4-DGE has been reported as an intermediate between 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) and 5-hydroxymethyl furaldehyde (5-HMF) during degradation of glucose. In PD fluids, 3,4-DGE exists in a temperature-dependent equilibrium with a pool of unidentified substances. The aim of this study was to explore this equilibrium and its temperature dependence during the first months of storage after the sterilization procedure.<br/><br> <br/><br> Methods: GDPs and inhibition of cell growth (ICG) were measured directly after sterilization of the PD fluid and during storage at different temperatures for 60 days. The following GDPs were analyzed: 3-DG, 3,4-DGE, 5-HMF, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal.<br/><br> <br/><br> Results: Immediately after sterilization, the concentration of 3,4-DGE was 125 mumol/L. During the first weeks of storage, it decreased by about 80%. At the same time, the 3-DG concentration increased. None of the other GDPs were significantly affected. Cytotoxicity correlated well with the concentration of 3,4-DGE. When pure 3,4-DGE was substituted for the lost amount of 3,4-DGE after 30 days of storage, the initial ICG was almost completely regained.<br/><br> <br/><br> Conclusions: Heat sterilization of PD fluids promotes the formation of large quantities of 3,4-DGE, rendering the fluid highly cytotoxic. During storage, the main part of 3,4-DGE is reversibly converted in a temperature-dependent manner to a less cytotoxic pool, consisting mainly of 3-DG. Cytotoxicity seems to be dependent exclusively on 3,4-DGE. In order to avoid higher levels of 3,4-DGE concentrations, PD fluids should not be used too soon after sterilization and should not be stored at temperatures above room temperature.}}, author = {{Erixon, Martin and Lindén, Torbjörn and Kjellstrand, Per and Carlsson, Ola and Ernebrant, Malin and Forsbäck, Gunita and Wieslander, Anders and Jönsson, Jan Åke}}, issn = {{1718-4304}}, keywords = {{glucose; storage; 3; cytotoxicity; sterilization; 4-DGE}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{392--398}}, publisher = {{Multimed Inc.}}, series = {{Peritoneal Dialysis International}}, title = {{PD fluids contain high concentrations of cytotoxic GDPs directly after sterilization}}, url = {{http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez}}, volume = {{24}}, year = {{2004}}, }