Skip to main content

Lund University Publications

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Contaminants of emerging concern in urine : a review of analytical methods for determining diisocyanates, benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, isothiazolinones, fragrances, and non-phthalate plasticizers

Tkalec, Žiga ; Runkel, Agneta Annika LU orcid ; Kosjek, Tina ; Horvat, Milena and Heath, Ester (2023) In Environmental Science and Pollution Research 30(42). p.95106-95138
Abstract

Human biomonitoring (HBM) frameworks assess human exposure to hazardous chemicals. In this review, we discuss and summarize sample preparation procedures and analytical methodology for six groups of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), namely diisocyanates, benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, isothiazolinones, fragrances, and non-phthalate plasticizers, which are increasingly detected in urine, however, are not yet widely included in HBM schemes, despite posing a risk to human health. The sample preparation procedures depend largely on the chemical group; however, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is most often used due to the minimized sample handling, lower sample volume, and generally achieving lower limits of... (More)

Human biomonitoring (HBM) frameworks assess human exposure to hazardous chemicals. In this review, we discuss and summarize sample preparation procedures and analytical methodology for six groups of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), namely diisocyanates, benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, isothiazolinones, fragrances, and non-phthalate plasticizers, which are increasingly detected in urine, however, are not yet widely included in HBM schemes, despite posing a risk to human health. The sample preparation procedures depend largely on the chemical group; however, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is most often used due to the minimized sample handling, lower sample volume, and generally achieving lower limits of quantification (LOQs) compared to other extraction techniques. In terms of sample analysis, LC-based methods generally achieve lower limits of quantification (LOQs) compared to GC-based methods for the selected six groups of chemicals owing to their broader chemical coverage. In conclusion, since these chemicals are expected to be more frequently included in future HBM studies, it becomes evident that there is a pressing need for rigorous quality assurance programs to ensure better comparability of data. These programs should include the reporting of measurement uncertainty and facilitate inter-laboratory comparisons among the reporting laboratories. In addition, high-resolution mass spectrometry should be more commonly employed to enhance the specificity and selectivity of the applied analytical methodology since it is underrepresented in HBM. Furthermore, due to the scarcity of data on the levels of these CECs in urine, large population HBM studies are necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the associated risks.

(Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; ; ; and
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Humans, Plasticizers, Benzothiazoles, Odorants, Perfume
in
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
volume
30
issue
42
pages
95106 - 95138
publisher
Springer
external identifiers
  • pmid:37597142
  • scopus:85168327424
ISSN
1614-7499
DOI
10.1007/s11356-023-29070-y
language
English
LU publication?
no
additional info
© 2023. The Author(s).
id
1385b65c-9e62-4e13-bd4a-2a0a71817b9d
date added to LUP
2025-02-18 16:58:33
date last changed
2025-07-23 16:45:58
@article{1385b65c-9e62-4e13-bd4a-2a0a71817b9d,
  abstract     = {{<p>Human biomonitoring (HBM) frameworks assess human exposure to hazardous chemicals. In this review, we discuss and summarize sample preparation procedures and analytical methodology for six groups of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), namely diisocyanates, benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, isothiazolinones, fragrances, and non-phthalate plasticizers, which are increasingly detected in urine, however, are not yet widely included in HBM schemes, despite posing a risk to human health. The sample preparation procedures depend largely on the chemical group; however, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is most often used due to the minimized sample handling, lower sample volume, and generally achieving lower limits of quantification (LOQs) compared to other extraction techniques. In terms of sample analysis, LC-based methods generally achieve lower limits of quantification (LOQs) compared to GC-based methods for the selected six groups of chemicals owing to their broader chemical coverage. In conclusion, since these chemicals are expected to be more frequently included in future HBM studies, it becomes evident that there is a pressing need for rigorous quality assurance programs to ensure better comparability of data. These programs should include the reporting of measurement uncertainty and facilitate inter-laboratory comparisons among the reporting laboratories. In addition, high-resolution mass spectrometry should be more commonly employed to enhance the specificity and selectivity of the applied analytical methodology since it is underrepresented in HBM. Furthermore, due to the scarcity of data on the levels of these CECs in urine, large population HBM studies are necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the associated risks.</p>}},
  author       = {{Tkalec, Žiga and Runkel, Agneta Annika and Kosjek, Tina and Horvat, Milena and Heath, Ester}},
  issn         = {{1614-7499}},
  keywords     = {{Humans; Plasticizers; Benzothiazoles; Odorants; Perfume}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{42}},
  pages        = {{95106--95138}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  series       = {{Environmental Science and Pollution Research}},
  title        = {{Contaminants of emerging concern in urine : a review of analytical methods for determining diisocyanates, benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, isothiazolinones, fragrances, and non-phthalate plasticizers}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29070-y}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s11356-023-29070-y}},
  volume       = {{30}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}