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Rapid evolution of sex role specialization in a hermaphrodite under sex-limited selection

Nordén, Anna K. LU ; Ramm, Steven A. and Abbott, Jessica K. LU orcid (2023) In Evolution; international journal of organic evolution 77(4). p.1066-1076
Abstract

The evolution of separate sexes from hermaphroditism is thought to have occurred independently many times, and may be linked to the evolution of sex chromosomes. Even though we have a good understanding of the theoretical steps in the evolution of sex chromosomes from a hermaphrodite ancestor, the initial stages are still hard to study in animals because many well-studied animal sex chromosome systems are old. We addressed this problem by experimentally selecting a hermaphrodite via sex-limited experimental evolution for several generations, simulating the early stages in the evolution of a sex chromosome. After 14 generations, a fitness assay revealed evidence of incipient sex role specialization in the female-selected lines,... (More)

The evolution of separate sexes from hermaphroditism is thought to have occurred independently many times, and may be linked to the evolution of sex chromosomes. Even though we have a good understanding of the theoretical steps in the evolution of sex chromosomes from a hermaphrodite ancestor, the initial stages are still hard to study in animals because many well-studied animal sex chromosome systems are old. We addressed this problem by experimentally selecting a hermaphrodite via sex-limited experimental evolution for several generations, simulating the early stages in the evolution of a sex chromosome. After 14 generations, a fitness assay revealed evidence of incipient sex role specialization in the female-selected lines, presumably reflecting the release from constraints usually imposed by selection on the other sex role. Importantly, however, this was not simply explained by morphology because testis and ovary sizes did not diverge among treatments. There was no evidence of a change in the male-selected lines. Our study shows that sex role specialization can occur rapidly as a result of sex-limited selection, which is consistent with genetic constraints between sex roles, and in line with the first predicted steps toward the evolution of a new sex chromosome system.

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type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Macrostomum lignano, evolution of separate sexes, experimental evolution, gonad size, sex chromosomes, sexual dimorphism
in
Evolution; international journal of organic evolution
volume
77
issue
4
pages
1066 - 1076
publisher
Wiley-Blackwell
external identifiers
  • scopus:85151574621
  • pmid:36779778
ISSN
1558-5646
DOI
10.1093/evolut/qpad025
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
14ce0476-eaee-4127-a296-358512f87602
date added to LUP
2023-05-22 12:26:48
date last changed
2024-06-15 03:06:35
@article{14ce0476-eaee-4127-a296-358512f87602,
  abstract     = {{<p>The evolution of separate sexes from hermaphroditism is thought to have occurred independently many times, and may be linked to the evolution of sex chromosomes. Even though we have a good understanding of the theoretical steps in the evolution of sex chromosomes from a hermaphrodite ancestor, the initial stages are still hard to study in animals because many well-studied animal sex chromosome systems are old. We addressed this problem by experimentally selecting a hermaphrodite via sex-limited experimental evolution for several generations, simulating the early stages in the evolution of a sex chromosome. After 14 generations, a fitness assay revealed evidence of incipient sex role specialization in the female-selected lines, presumably reflecting the release from constraints usually imposed by selection on the other sex role. Importantly, however, this was not simply explained by morphology because testis and ovary sizes did not diverge among treatments. There was no evidence of a change in the male-selected lines. Our study shows that sex role specialization can occur rapidly as a result of sex-limited selection, which is consistent with genetic constraints between sex roles, and in line with the first predicted steps toward the evolution of a new sex chromosome system.</p>}},
  author       = {{Nordén, Anna K. and Ramm, Steven A. and Abbott, Jessica K.}},
  issn         = {{1558-5646}},
  keywords     = {{Macrostomum lignano; evolution of separate sexes; experimental evolution; gonad size; sex chromosomes; sexual dimorphism}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{1066--1076}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley-Blackwell}},
  series       = {{Evolution; international journal of organic evolution}},
  title        = {{Rapid evolution of sex role specialization in a hermaphrodite under sex-limited selection}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpad025}},
  doi          = {{10.1093/evolut/qpad025}},
  volume       = {{77}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}