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Geophysical mapping of groundwater properties for transport infrastructure construction planning - Final report

Martin, Tina LU ; Dahlin, Torleif LU ; Mendoza, Alfredo LU orcid and Kass, Andrew (2022)
Abstract
The success and costs of infrastructure projects largely depend on reliable characterization of the subsoil, where information on groundwater is essential to protect groundwater resources and to avoid stability problems. To determine the hydrogeological characteristics, drilling is carried out followed by hydraulic tests which are reliable but expensive and provide limited information which, in some cases, may not be representative of the entire area that may be affected. The use of geophysical methods can overcome this problem and by providing continuous information that can be used to optimize well placement and execution. The esults of the drilling and hydraulic tests can then in turn be fed back to improve the interpretation of the... (More)
The success and costs of infrastructure projects largely depend on reliable characterization of the subsoil, where information on groundwater is essential to protect groundwater resources and to avoid stability problems. To determine the hydrogeological characteristics, drilling is carried out followed by hydraulic tests which are reliable but expensive and provide limited information which, in some cases, may not be representative of the entire area that may be affected. The use of geophysical methods can overcome this problem and by providing continuous information that can be used to optimize well placement and execution. The esults of the drilling and hydraulic tests can then in turn be fed back to improve the interpretation of the geophysical results. It is thereby possible to get more comprehensive and relevant results that reduce the risk of problems in the construction phase, thus saving resources, time and costs. The geoelectrical method DCIP (Direct Current resistivity and time-domain Induced Polarization) can provide information on the intrinsic permeability. In addition, MRS (Magnetic Resonance Sounding) can provide information on the water content and properties of the pore spaces, and thus also information related to the hydraulic conductivity. By combining both methods and using them in a two- or three-dimensional layout, a more comprehensive description of the subsoil is possible.
The purpose of the project is to find out how both methods can contribute to a reliable characterisation of the subsoil's hydrogeological properties. The methods were tested alongside conventional tests of the hydraulic conductivity using boreholes, slug tests and HPT (hydraulic profiling tool) to investigate three different test sites. The test sites were chosen to reflect different hydrogeological conditions and to provide access to reference data. Furthermore, their electromagnetic noise level was a crucial factor as it can affect the geophysical results. Measured data were processed, interpreted and compared, to evaluate the geophysical results with regard to hydrogeological information value, as well as robustness in measurement environments with different signal interference conditions. The results show that DCIP tomography provided inverted depth sections with hydraulic conductivity along the survey lines that mostly agree with the reference data from conventional methods at all three test locations. They also show that DCIP is robust enough to give good results along all test lines performed. However, it is not a guarantee that the method works everywhere due to the presence of noise/disturbances, for example in urban environments. It should also be mentioned that the algorithms that have been used for the interpretation of the hydraulic properties are part of research software, and that there is great potential for further development but also a need to adapt the user interface for a wider use. The results also show that MRS can provide information on water content and hydraulic properties that are mainly consistent with the reference data from other methods, thereby providing valuable complementary information. However, MRS measured from the ground surface, as tested here, is significantly more sensitive to electromagnetic interference, which was manifested in the fact that the method only worked fully at one of the test sites while giving limited or no useful results at the other test sites, due to the presence of noise generated by adjacent
infrastructure.
(Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Framgången och kostnaderna för infrastrukturprojekt beror till stor del på tillförlitlig karakterisering av undermarken. Speciellt är information om grundvattnet avgörande för att skydda grundvattenresurserna och för att undvika stabilitetsproblem. För att fastställa de hydrogeologiska egenskaperna genomförs borrningar följt av hydrauliska tester som är tillförlitliga men dyra, och det ger endast punktinformation som kanske inte är representativ för hela det område som kan komma att påverkas. Användningen av geofysiska metoder kan övervinna detta problem och kontinuerlig information som kan användas till att optimera borrningarnas placering och utförande. Resultaten av borrningarna och de hydrauliska testerna kan sedan i sin tur... (More)
Framgången och kostnaderna för infrastrukturprojekt beror till stor del på tillförlitlig karakterisering av undermarken. Speciellt är information om grundvattnet avgörande för att skydda grundvattenresurserna och för att undvika stabilitetsproblem. För att fastställa de hydrogeologiska egenskaperna genomförs borrningar följt av hydrauliska tester som är tillförlitliga men dyra, och det ger endast punktinformation som kanske inte är representativ för hela det område som kan komma att påverkas. Användningen av geofysiska metoder kan övervinna detta problem och kontinuerlig information som kan användas till att optimera borrningarnas placering och utförande. Resultaten av borrningarna och de hydrauliska testerna kan sedan i sin tur återkopplas för att förbättra tolkningen av de geofysiska resultaten. Man kan därigenom få mera heltäckande och relevanta resultat som minskar risken för problem i byggskedet, och därmed spara resurser, tid och kostnader. Den geoelektriska metoden DCIP (Direct Current resistivity and time-domain Induced Polarisation) kan ge information om den hydrauliska konduktiviteten. Dessutom kan MRS (Magnetic Resonance Sounding) ge information om vatteninnehåll och egenskaper för porutrymmena, och därmed även information relaterad till den hydrauliska konduktiviteten. Genom att kombinera båda metoderna och använda dem i ett två- eller tredimensionellt upplägg är en mer heltäckande beskrivning av undermarken möjlig. Syftet med projektet är att ta reda på hur båda metoderna kan bidra till en tillförlitlig karakterisering av undermarkens hydrogeologiska egenskaper. Metoderna testades tillsammans med konventionella tester av den hydrauliska konduktiviteten med hjälp av borrningar och slugtester för att undersöka tre olika testplatser. Testplatserna valdes för att avspegla olika hydrogeologsiak förhållanden samt att ge tillgång till referensdata. Vidare var deras elektromagnetiska brusnivå en avgörande faktor eftersom den kan påverka de geofysiska resultaten. Uppmätta data bearbetades, tolkades och jämfördes, för att utvärdera de geofysiska resultaten med avseende på hydrogeologiskt informationsvärde, samt robusthet i mätmiljöer med olika signalstörningsförhållanden.
Resultaten visar att DCIP tomografi gav inverterade djupsektioner med hydraulisk konduktivitet längs undersökningslinjerna som stämmer överens med resultaten från slugtest och HPT (hydraulic profiling tool) på samtliga tre testlokaler. De visar också att metoden är tillräckligt robust för att ge bra resultat längs alla utförda testlinjer. Detta är dock inte en garanti för att metoden fungerar överallt, exempelvis i utpräglat urbana miljöer. Det bör också nämnas att de algoritmer som har använts för tolkningen av de hydrauliska egenskaperna ingår i forskningsprogramvaror, och att det finns stor potential för vidareutveckling men också behov av anpassning av användargränssnitt för en bredare användning. Resultaten visar också att MRS kan ge information om vatteninnehåll och hydrauliska egenskaper som är i samklang med referensdata från andra metoder, och därigenom ge värdefull kompletterande information. MRS mätt från markytan, såsom den testades här, är dock betydligt mera känslig för elektromagnetiska störningar, vilket manifesterades i att metoden bara fungerade fullt ut på en av testlokalerna medan den gav begränsade respektive inga användbara resultat på de andra testlokalerna. (Less)
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author
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publication status
published
subject
pages
43 pages
project
Geophysical mapping of groundwater properties for construction of transport infrastructure
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
1559e5c1-eb72-4159-8d57-b7ad4463ea0f
date added to LUP
2023-01-13 11:59:58
date last changed
2023-01-17 02:45:29
@techreport{1559e5c1-eb72-4159-8d57-b7ad4463ea0f,
  abstract     = {{The success and costs of infrastructure projects largely depend on reliable characterization of the subsoil, where information on groundwater is essential to protect groundwater resources and to avoid stability problems. To determine the hydrogeological characteristics, drilling is carried out followed by hydraulic tests which are reliable but expensive and provide limited information which, in some cases, may not be representative of the entire area that may be affected. The use of geophysical methods can overcome this problem and by providing continuous information that can be used to optimize well placement and execution. The esults of the drilling and hydraulic tests can then in turn be fed back to improve the interpretation of the geophysical results. It is thereby possible to get more comprehensive and relevant results that reduce the risk of problems in the construction phase, thus saving resources, time and costs. The geoelectrical method DCIP (Direct Current resistivity and time-domain Induced Polarization) can provide information on the intrinsic permeability. In addition, MRS (Magnetic Resonance Sounding) can provide information on the water content and properties of the pore spaces, and thus also information related to the hydraulic conductivity. By combining both methods and using them in a two- or three-dimensional layout, a more comprehensive description of the subsoil is possible. <br/>The purpose of the project is to find out how both methods can contribute to a reliable characterisation of the subsoil's hydrogeological properties. The methods were tested alongside conventional tests of the hydraulic conductivity using boreholes, slug tests and HPT (hydraulic profiling tool) to investigate three different test sites. The test sites were chosen to reflect different hydrogeological conditions and to provide access to reference data. Furthermore, their electromagnetic noise level was a crucial factor as it can affect the geophysical results. Measured data were processed, interpreted and compared, to evaluate the geophysical results with regard to hydrogeological information value, as well as robustness in measurement environments with different signal interference conditions. The results show that DCIP tomography provided inverted depth sections with hydraulic conductivity along the survey lines that mostly agree with the reference data from conventional methods at all three test locations. They also show that DCIP is robust enough to give good results along all test lines performed. However, it is not a guarantee that the method works everywhere due to the presence of noise/disturbances, for example in urban environments. It should also be mentioned that the algorithms that have been used for the interpretation of the hydraulic properties are part of research software, and that there is great potential for further development but also a need to adapt the user interface for a wider use. The results also show that MRS can provide information on water content and hydraulic properties that are mainly consistent with the reference data from other methods, thereby providing valuable complementary information. However, MRS measured from the ground surface, as tested here, is significantly more sensitive to electromagnetic interference, which was manifested in the fact that the method only worked fully at one of the test sites while giving limited or no useful results at the other test sites, due to the presence of noise generated by adjacent <br/>infrastructure.<br/>}},
  author       = {{Martin, Tina and Dahlin, Torleif and Mendoza, Alfredo and Kass, Andrew}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{12}},
  title        = {{Geophysical mapping of groundwater properties for transport infrastructure construction planning - Final report}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/134596074/FinalReport2022_DCIPMRSproject_Lucris.pdf}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}