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Pathogen Entrapment by Transglutaminase-A Conserved Early Innate Immune Mechanism

Wang, Zhi ; Wilhelmsson, Christine ; Hyrsl, Pavel ; Loof, Torsten LU ; Dobes, Pavel ; Klupp, Martina ; Loseva, Olga ; Mörgelin, Matthias LU ; Ikle, Jennifer and Cripps, Richard M. , et al. (2010) In PLoS Pathogens 6(2).
Abstract
Clotting systems are required in almost all animals to prevent loss of body fluids after injury. Here, we show that despite the risks associated with its systemic activation, clotting is a hitherto little appreciated branch of the immune system. We compared clotting of human blood and insect hemolymph to study the best-conserved component of clotting systems, namely the Drosophila enzyme transglutaminase and its vertebrate homologue Factor XIIIa. Using labelled artificial substrates we observe that transglutaminase activity from both Drosophila hemolymph and human blood accumulates on microbial surfaces, leading to their sequestration into the clot. Using both a human and a natural insect pathogen we provide functional proof for an immune... (More)
Clotting systems are required in almost all animals to prevent loss of body fluids after injury. Here, we show that despite the risks associated with its systemic activation, clotting is a hitherto little appreciated branch of the immune system. We compared clotting of human blood and insect hemolymph to study the best-conserved component of clotting systems, namely the Drosophila enzyme transglutaminase and its vertebrate homologue Factor XIIIa. Using labelled artificial substrates we observe that transglutaminase activity from both Drosophila hemolymph and human blood accumulates on microbial surfaces, leading to their sequestration into the clot. Using both a human and a natural insect pathogen we provide functional proof for an immune function for transglutaminase (TG). Drosophila larvae with reduced TG levels show increased mortality after septic injury. The same larvae are also more susceptible to a natural infection involving entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria while neither phagocytosis, phenoloxidase or-as previously shown-the Toll or imd pathway contribute to immunity. These results firmly establish the hemolymph/blood clot as an important effector of early innate immunity, which helps to prevent septic infections. These findings will help to guide further strategies to reduce the damaging effects of clotting and enhance its beneficial contribution to immune reactions. (Less)
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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
PLoS Pathogens
volume
6
issue
2
publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
external identifiers
  • wos:000275295900015
  • scopus:77649265237
  • pmid:20169185
ISSN
1553-7366
DOI
10.1371/journal.ppat.1000763
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
27a2c09e-5585-4806-b57f-df43d9947e21 (old id 1589337)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 10:20:27
date last changed
2022-04-20 01:04:34
@article{27a2c09e-5585-4806-b57f-df43d9947e21,
  abstract     = {{Clotting systems are required in almost all animals to prevent loss of body fluids after injury. Here, we show that despite the risks associated with its systemic activation, clotting is a hitherto little appreciated branch of the immune system. We compared clotting of human blood and insect hemolymph to study the best-conserved component of clotting systems, namely the Drosophila enzyme transglutaminase and its vertebrate homologue Factor XIIIa. Using labelled artificial substrates we observe that transglutaminase activity from both Drosophila hemolymph and human blood accumulates on microbial surfaces, leading to their sequestration into the clot. Using both a human and a natural insect pathogen we provide functional proof for an immune function for transglutaminase (TG). Drosophila larvae with reduced TG levels show increased mortality after septic injury. The same larvae are also more susceptible to a natural infection involving entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria while neither phagocytosis, phenoloxidase or-as previously shown-the Toll or imd pathway contribute to immunity. These results firmly establish the hemolymph/blood clot as an important effector of early innate immunity, which helps to prevent septic infections. These findings will help to guide further strategies to reduce the damaging effects of clotting and enhance its beneficial contribution to immune reactions.}},
  author       = {{Wang, Zhi and Wilhelmsson, Christine and Hyrsl, Pavel and Loof, Torsten and Dobes, Pavel and Klupp, Martina and Loseva, Olga and Mörgelin, Matthias and Ikle, Jennifer and Cripps, Richard M. and Herwald, Heiko and Theopold, Ulrich}},
  issn         = {{1553-7366}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  publisher    = {{Public Library of Science (PLoS)}},
  series       = {{PLoS Pathogens}},
  title        = {{Pathogen Entrapment by Transglutaminase-A Conserved Early Innate Immune Mechanism}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000763}},
  doi          = {{10.1371/journal.ppat.1000763}},
  volume       = {{6}},
  year         = {{2010}},
}