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Low NOx and Low Smoke Operation of a Diesel Engine Using Gasolinelike Fuels

Kalghatgi, Gautam ; Hildingsson, Leif LU and Johansson, Bengt LU (2010) In Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 132(9).
Abstract
Much of the technology in advanced diesel engines, such as high injection pressures, is aimed at overcoming the short ignition delay of conventional diesel fuels to promote premixed combustion in order to reduce NOx and smoke. Previous work in a 2 l single-cylinder diesel engine with a compression ratio of 14 has demonstrated that gasoline fuel, because of its high ignition delay, is very beneficial for premixed compression-ignition compared with a conventional diesel fuel. We have now done similar studies in a smaller-0.537 l-single-cylinder diesel engine with a compression ratio of 15.8. The engine was run on three fuels of very different auto-ignition quality-a typical European diesel fuel with a cetane number (CN) of 56, a typical... (More)
Much of the technology in advanced diesel engines, such as high injection pressures, is aimed at overcoming the short ignition delay of conventional diesel fuels to promote premixed combustion in order to reduce NOx and smoke. Previous work in a 2 l single-cylinder diesel engine with a compression ratio of 14 has demonstrated that gasoline fuel, because of its high ignition delay, is very beneficial for premixed compression-ignition compared with a conventional diesel fuel. We have now done similar studies in a smaller-0.537 l-single-cylinder diesel engine with a compression ratio of 15.8. The engine was run on three fuels of very different auto-ignition quality-a typical European diesel fuel with a cetane number (CN) of 56, a typical European gasoline of 95 RON and 85 MON with an estimated CN of 16 and another gasoline of 84 RON and 78 MON (estimated CN of 21). The previous results with gasoline were obtained only at 1200 rpm-here we compare the fuels also at 2000 rpm and 3000 rpm. At 1200 rpm, at low loads (similar to 4 bars indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP)) when smoke is negligible, NOx levels below 0.4 g/kWh can be easily attained with gasoline without using exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), while this is not possible with the 56 CN European diesel. At these loads, the maximum pressure-rise rate is also significantly lower for gasoline. At 2000 rpm, with 2 bars absolute intake pressure, NOx can be reduced below 0.4 g/kW h with negligible smoke (FSN < 0.1) with gasoline between 10 bars and 12 bars IMEP using sufficient EGR, while this is not possible with the diesel fuel. At 3000 rpm, with the intake pressure at 2.4 bars absolute, NOx of 0.4 g/kW h with negligible smoke was attainable with gasoline at 13 bars IMEP. Hydrocarbon and CO emissions are higher for gasoline and will require after-treatment. High peak heat release rates can be alleviated using multiple injections. Large amounts of gasoline, unlike diesel, can be injected very early in the cycle without causing heat release during the compression stroke and this enables the heat release profile to be shaped. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4000602] (Less)
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Contribution to journal
publication status
published
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in
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
volume
132
issue
9
publisher
American Society Of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
external identifiers
  • wos:000279031700015
  • scopus:77955245296
ISSN
1528-8919
DOI
10.1115/1.4000602
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
49954df7-576f-468a-8d32-18c31a0a8dd2 (old id 1630072)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 10:16:43
date last changed
2022-04-20 00:36:46
@article{49954df7-576f-468a-8d32-18c31a0a8dd2,
  abstract     = {{Much of the technology in advanced diesel engines, such as high injection pressures, is aimed at overcoming the short ignition delay of conventional diesel fuels to promote premixed combustion in order to reduce NOx and smoke. Previous work in a 2 l single-cylinder diesel engine with a compression ratio of 14 has demonstrated that gasoline fuel, because of its high ignition delay, is very beneficial for premixed compression-ignition compared with a conventional diesel fuel. We have now done similar studies in a smaller-0.537 l-single-cylinder diesel engine with a compression ratio of 15.8. The engine was run on three fuels of very different auto-ignition quality-a typical European diesel fuel with a cetane number (CN) of 56, a typical European gasoline of 95 RON and 85 MON with an estimated CN of 16 and another gasoline of 84 RON and 78 MON (estimated CN of 21). The previous results with gasoline were obtained only at 1200 rpm-here we compare the fuels also at 2000 rpm and 3000 rpm. At 1200 rpm, at low loads (similar to 4 bars indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP)) when smoke is negligible, NOx levels below 0.4 g/kWh can be easily attained with gasoline without using exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), while this is not possible with the 56 CN European diesel. At these loads, the maximum pressure-rise rate is also significantly lower for gasoline. At 2000 rpm, with 2 bars absolute intake pressure, NOx can be reduced below 0.4 g/kW h with negligible smoke (FSN &lt; 0.1) with gasoline between 10 bars and 12 bars IMEP using sufficient EGR, while this is not possible with the diesel fuel. At 3000 rpm, with the intake pressure at 2.4 bars absolute, NOx of 0.4 g/kW h with negligible smoke was attainable with gasoline at 13 bars IMEP. Hydrocarbon and CO emissions are higher for gasoline and will require after-treatment. High peak heat release rates can be alleviated using multiple injections. Large amounts of gasoline, unlike diesel, can be injected very early in the cycle without causing heat release during the compression stroke and this enables the heat release profile to be shaped. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4000602]}},
  author       = {{Kalghatgi, Gautam and Hildingsson, Leif and Johansson, Bengt}},
  issn         = {{1528-8919}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{9}},
  publisher    = {{American Society Of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)}},
  series       = {{Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power}},
  title        = {{Low NOx and Low Smoke Operation of a Diesel Engine Using Gasolinelike Fuels}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4000602}},
  doi          = {{10.1115/1.4000602}},
  volume       = {{132}},
  year         = {{2010}},
}