Adnexal masses difficult to classify as benign or malignant using subjective assessment of gray scale and Doppler ultrasound findings: logistic regression models do not help.

Valentin, Lil; Ameye, L; Savelli, L; Fruscio, R; Leone, Fpg; Czekierdowski, A; Lissoni, Aa; Fischerova, D; Guerriero, S; Van Holsbeke, C; Van Huffel, S; Timmerman, D

Adnexal masses difficult to classify as benign or malignant using subjective assessment of gray scale and Doppler ultrasound findings: logistic regression models do not help.

Mark

Valentin, Lil ^LU

; Ameye, L ; Savelli, L ; Fruscio, R ; Leone, Fpg ; Czekierdowski, A ; Lissoni, Aa ; Fischerova, D ; Guerriero, S and Van Holsbeke, C , et al. (2011) In Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 38(4). p.456-465

Abstract: AIM: To develop a logistic regression model that can discriminate between benign and malignant adnexal masses perceived to be difficult to classify by subjective evaluation of gray scale and Doppler ultrasound findings (subjective assessment) and to compare its diagnostic performance with that of subjective assessment, serum CA 125 and the risk of malignancy index (RMI). METHODS: We used the 3511 patients with an adnexal mass included in the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) studies. All patients had been examined with transvaginal gray scale and Doppler ultrasound following a standardized research protocol by an experienced ultrasound examiner using a high end ultrasound system. In addition to prospectively collecting... (More); AIM: To develop a logistic regression model that can discriminate between benign and malignant adnexal masses perceived to be difficult to classify by subjective evaluation of gray scale and Doppler ultrasound findings (subjective assessment) and to compare its diagnostic performance with that of subjective assessment, serum CA 125 and the risk of malignancy index (RMI). METHODS: We used the 3511 patients with an adnexal mass included in the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) studies. All patients had been examined with transvaginal gray scale and Doppler ultrasound following a standardized research protocol by an experienced ultrasound examiner using a high end ultrasound system. In addition to prospectively collecting information on > 40 clinical and ultrasound variables, the ultrasound examiner classified each mass as certainly or probably benign, unclassifiable, or certainly or probably malignant. A logistic regression model to discriminate between benignity and malignancy was developed for the unclassifiable masses (n = 244, i.e. 7% of all tumors) using a training set (160 tumors, 45 malignancies) and then tested on a test set (84 tumors, 28 malignancies). The gold standard was the histological diagnosis of the surgically removed adnexal mass. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio (LR+, LR-) were used to describe diagnostic performance and were compared between subjective assessment, CA 125, the RMI and the logistic regression model created. RESULTS: One variable was retained in the logistic regression model: the largest diameter (in mm) of the largest solid component of the tumor (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02 - 1.06). The model had an AUC of 0.68 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.59 to 0.78) on the training set and 0.65 (95%CI 0.53 to 0.78) on the test set. On the test set, a cutoff of 25% probability of malignancy (corresponding to largest diameter of largest solid component 23mm) resulted in sensitivity 64% (18/28), specificity 55% (31/56), LR+ 1.44 and LR- 0.65. The corresponding figures for subjective assessment were 68% (19/28), 59% (33/56), 1.65 and 0.55. On the test set of patients with available CA 125 results, the LR+ and LR- of the logistic regression model (cutoff 25% probability of malignancy) were 1.29 and 0.73, of subjective assessment 1.44 and 0.63, of CA 125 (cutoff 35 U/mL) 1.25 and 0.84 and of RMI (cutoff 200) 1.21 and 0.92. CONCLUSION: About 7% of adnexal masses that are considered appropriate to remove surgically cannot be classified as benign or malignant by experienced ultrasound examiners using subjective assessment. Logistic regression models to estimate the risk of malignancy, CA 125 measurements and the RMI are not helpful in these masses. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Less)

Please use this url to cite or link to this publication: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/1936701

author

Valentin, Lil ^LU

; Ameye, L ; Savelli, L ; Fruscio, R ; Leone, Fpg ; Czekierdowski, A ; Lissoni, Aa ; Fischerova, D ; Guerriero, S and Van Holsbeke, C , et al. (More)

Valentin, Lil ^LU

; Ameye, L ; Savelli, L ; Fruscio, R ; Leone, Fpg ; Czekierdowski, A ; Lissoni, Aa ; Fischerova, D ; Guerriero, S ; Van Holsbeke, C ; Van Huffel, S and Timmerman, D (Less)

organization

Obstetric, Gynaecological and Prenatal Ultrasound Research (research group)

publishing date

2011

type

Contribution to journal

publication status

published

subject

Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging

keywords

logistic models, CA 125 antigen, ovarian neoplasms, sensitivity, specificity, ultrasonography

in

Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

volume

38

issue

4

pages

456 - 465

publisher

John Wiley & Sons Inc.

external identifiers

wos:000295727400015
pmid:21520475
scopus:80053198404
pmid:21520475

ISSN

1469-0705

DOI

10.1002/uog.9030

language

English

LU publication?

yes

id

8a0e7a87-438c-4fc3-ab27-cbbc3acfbee8 (old id 1936701)

alternative location

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21520475?dopt=Abstract

date added to LUP

2016-04-01 13:28:20

date last changed

2022-02-04 07:41:01

@article{8a0e7a87-438c-4fc3-ab27-cbbc3acfbee8,
  abstract     = {{AIM: To develop a logistic regression model that can discriminate between benign and malignant adnexal masses perceived to be difficult to classify by subjective evaluation of gray scale and Doppler ultrasound findings (subjective assessment) and to compare its diagnostic performance with that of subjective assessment, serum CA 125 and the risk of malignancy index (RMI). METHODS: We used the 3511 patients with an adnexal mass included in the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) studies. All patients had been examined with transvaginal gray scale and Doppler ultrasound following a standardized research protocol by an experienced ultrasound examiner using a high end ultrasound system. In addition to prospectively collecting information on &gt; 40 clinical and ultrasound variables, the ultrasound examiner classified each mass as certainly or probably benign, unclassifiable, or certainly or probably malignant. A logistic regression model to discriminate between benignity and malignancy was developed for the unclassifiable masses (n = 244, i.e. 7% of all tumors) using a training set (160 tumors, 45 malignancies) and then tested on a test set (84 tumors, 28 malignancies). The gold standard was the histological diagnosis of the surgically removed adnexal mass. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio (LR+, LR-) were used to describe diagnostic performance and were compared between subjective assessment, CA 125, the RMI and the logistic regression model created. RESULTS: One variable was retained in the logistic regression model: the largest diameter (in mm) of the largest solid component of the tumor (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02 - 1.06). The model had an AUC of 0.68 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.59 to 0.78) on the training set and 0.65 (95%CI 0.53 to 0.78) on the test set. On the test set, a cutoff of 25% probability of malignancy (corresponding to largest diameter of largest solid component 23mm) resulted in sensitivity 64% (18/28), specificity 55% (31/56), LR+ 1.44 and LR- 0.65. The corresponding figures for subjective assessment were 68% (19/28), 59% (33/56), 1.65 and 0.55. On the test set of patients with available CA 125 results, the LR+ and LR- of the logistic regression model (cutoff 25% probability of malignancy) were 1.29 and 0.73, of subjective assessment 1.44 and 0.63, of CA 125 (cutoff 35 U/mL) 1.25 and 0.84 and of RMI (cutoff 200) 1.21 and 0.92. CONCLUSION: About 7% of adnexal masses that are considered appropriate to remove surgically cannot be classified as benign or malignant by experienced ultrasound examiners using subjective assessment. Logistic regression models to estimate the risk of malignancy, CA 125 measurements and the RMI are not helpful in these masses. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.}},
  author       = {{Valentin, Lil and Ameye, L and Savelli, L and Fruscio, R and Leone, Fpg and Czekierdowski, A and Lissoni, Aa and Fischerova, D and Guerriero, S and Van Holsbeke, C and Van Huffel, S and Timmerman, D}},
  issn         = {{1469-0705}},
  keywords     = {{logistic models; CA 125 antigen; ovarian neoplasms; sensitivity; specificity; ultrasonography}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{456--465}},
  publisher    = {{John Wiley & Sons Inc.}},
  series       = {{Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology}},
  title        = {{Adnexal masses difficult to classify as benign or malignant using subjective assessment of gray scale and Doppler ultrasound findings: logistic regression models do not help.}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.9030}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/uog.9030}},
  volume       = {{38}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}

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Adnexal masses difficult to classify as benign or malignant using subjective assessment of gray scale and Doppler ultrasound findings: logistic regression models do not help.