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Challenging claims in the study of migratory birds and climate change.

Knudsen, Endre ; Lindén, Andreas ; Both, Christiaan ; Jonzén, Niclas LU ; Pulido, Francisco ; Saino, Nicola ; Sutherland, William J ; Bach, Lars A ; Coppack, Timothy and Ergon, Torbjørn , et al. (2011) In Biological Reviews 86. p.928-946
Abstract
Recent shifts in phenology in response to climate change are well established but often poorly understood. Many animals integrate climate change across a spatially and temporally dispersed annual life cycle, and effects are modulated by ecological interactions, evolutionary change and endogenous control mechanisms. Here we assess and discuss key statements emerging from the rapidly developing study of changing spring phenology in migratory birds. These well-studied organisms have been instrumental for understanding climate-change effects, but research is developing rapidly and there is a need to attack the big issues rather than risking affirmative science. Although we agree poorly on the support for most claims, agreement regarding the... (More)
Recent shifts in phenology in response to climate change are well established but often poorly understood. Many animals integrate climate change across a spatially and temporally dispersed annual life cycle, and effects are modulated by ecological interactions, evolutionary change and endogenous control mechanisms. Here we assess and discuss key statements emerging from the rapidly developing study of changing spring phenology in migratory birds. These well-studied organisms have been instrumental for understanding climate-change effects, but research is developing rapidly and there is a need to attack the big issues rather than risking affirmative science. Although we agree poorly on the support for most claims, agreement regarding the knowledge basis enables consensus regarding broad patterns and likely causes. Empirical data needed for disentangling mechanisms are still scarce, and consequences at a population level and on community composition remain unclear. With increasing knowledge, the overall support ('consensus view') for a claim increased and between-researcher variability in support ('expert opinions') decreased, indicating the importance of assessing and communicating the knowledge basis. A proper integration across biological disciplines seems essential for the field's transition from affirming patterns to understanding mechanisms and making robust predictions regarding future consequences of shifting phenologies. (Less)
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@article{3144301f-35c3-42a2-8c0f-4b70ccae7247,
  abstract     = {{Recent shifts in phenology in response to climate change are well established but often poorly understood. Many animals integrate climate change across a spatially and temporally dispersed annual life cycle, and effects are modulated by ecological interactions, evolutionary change and endogenous control mechanisms. Here we assess and discuss key statements emerging from the rapidly developing study of changing spring phenology in migratory birds. These well-studied organisms have been instrumental for understanding climate-change effects, but research is developing rapidly and there is a need to attack the big issues rather than risking affirmative science. Although we agree poorly on the support for most claims, agreement regarding the knowledge basis enables consensus regarding broad patterns and likely causes. Empirical data needed for disentangling mechanisms are still scarce, and consequences at a population level and on community composition remain unclear. With increasing knowledge, the overall support ('consensus view') for a claim increased and between-researcher variability in support ('expert opinions') decreased, indicating the importance of assessing and communicating the knowledge basis. A proper integration across biological disciplines seems essential for the field's transition from affirming patterns to understanding mechanisms and making robust predictions regarding future consequences of shifting phenologies.}},
  author       = {{Knudsen, Endre and Lindén, Andreas and Both, Christiaan and Jonzén, Niclas and Pulido, Francisco and Saino, Nicola and Sutherland, William J and Bach, Lars A and Coppack, Timothy and Ergon, Torbjørn and Gienapp, Phillip and Gill, Jennifer A and Gordo, Oscar and Hedenström, Anders and Lehikoinen, Esa and Marra, Peter P and Møller, Anders P and Nilsson, Anna L K and Péron, Guillaume and Ranta, Esa and Rubolini, Diego and Sparks, Tim H and Spina, Fernando and Studds, Colin E and Saether, Stein A and Tryjanowski, Piotr and Chr Stenseth, Nils}},
  issn         = {{1469-185X}},
  keywords     = {{bird migration; climate change; phenology; annual life cycle; match-mismatch; endogenous control; phenotypic plasticity; microevolutionary change; population trends; integrative biology.}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{928--946}},
  publisher    = {{John Wiley & Sons Inc.}},
  series       = {{Biological Reviews}},
  title        = {{Challenging claims in the study of migratory birds and climate change.}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00179.x}},
  doi          = {{10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00179.x}},
  volume       = {{86}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}