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Effects of smoking cessation on insulin and cardiovascular risk factors--a controlled study of 4 months' duration

Nilsson, Peter ; Lundgren, H ; Söderström, M ; Fagerström, K O and Nilsson-Ehle, Peter LU (1996) In Journal of Internal Medicine 240(4). p.189-194
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects on serum lipids, plasma fibrinogen, plasma insulin, plasma C-peptide and blood glucose, of smoking cessation after 4 months. To develop a group-based smoking intervention programme in primary health care. SETTING: Twenty health centres in primary health care in southern Sweden. SUBJECTS: Four hundred habitual smokers (> 10 cigarettes per day-1, > 10 years), recruited by advertisement in local papers. INTERVENTION: The smokers were randomized, after stratification for age and sex, to one intervention group (n = 200) and one control group (n = 200). The intervention group was offered supportive group sessions and free nicotine supplementation (patches, chewing gum). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All... (More)
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects on serum lipids, plasma fibrinogen, plasma insulin, plasma C-peptide and blood glucose, of smoking cessation after 4 months. To develop a group-based smoking intervention programme in primary health care. SETTING: Twenty health centres in primary health care in southern Sweden. SUBJECTS: Four hundred habitual smokers (> 10 cigarettes per day-1, > 10 years), recruited by advertisement in local papers. INTERVENTION: The smokers were randomized, after stratification for age and sex, to one intervention group (n = 200) and one control group (n = 200). The intervention group was offered supportive group sessions and free nicotine supplementation (patches, chewing gum). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All participants were investigated at the start and after 4 months (medical history, physical examination, laboratory evaluation). Blood samples were drawn for determination of glucose, insulin and C-peptide, both in the fasting state and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and for measurement of lipoproteins, fibrinogen, nicotine and cotinine. RESULTS: In the intervention group 98 of the subjects (48%) had quit smoking after 4 months. They were compared with the 156 subjects in the control group (91%) who were still daily smokers during the whole period. There were no significant differences in any variable between the two (total) experimental groups at baseline. Plasma nicotine and cotinine decreased (P < 0.001) in the intervention group following smoking cessation, and weight increased by 2.7 kg. In the intervention group HDL-cholesterol increased by 11% (P < 0.001), whereas HbA1c increased by 2% (P < 0.05) only in the control group. No changes occurred in levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide and fibrinogen. CONCLUSION: The smoking cessation programme had a success rate of almost 50% over 4 months. Smoking cessation was associated with a marked increase in HDL-cholesterol levels but did not affect glucose tolerance. A concomitant weight increase may have blunted any independent beneficial effect of smoking cessation on glucose metabolism. (Less)
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author
; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
C-peptide, fibrinogen, glucose, insulin, lipoproteins, smoking cessation
in
Journal of Internal Medicine
volume
240
issue
4
pages
189 - 194
publisher
Wiley-Blackwell
external identifiers
  • pmid:8918509
  • scopus:0029950408
ISSN
1365-2796
DOI
10.1046/j.1365-2796.1996.16844000.x
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
1cd1f7ae-b42b-4eb4-a09c-6c487c16e36a (old id 1110923)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 15:49:44
date last changed
2022-02-12 17:54:45
@article{1cd1f7ae-b42b-4eb4-a09c-6c487c16e36a,
  abstract     = {{OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects on serum lipids, plasma fibrinogen, plasma insulin, plasma C-peptide and blood glucose, of smoking cessation after 4 months. To develop a group-based smoking intervention programme in primary health care. SETTING: Twenty health centres in primary health care in southern Sweden. SUBJECTS: Four hundred habitual smokers (&gt; 10 cigarettes per day-1, &gt; 10 years), recruited by advertisement in local papers. INTERVENTION: The smokers were randomized, after stratification for age and sex, to one intervention group (n = 200) and one control group (n = 200). The intervention group was offered supportive group sessions and free nicotine supplementation (patches, chewing gum). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All participants were investigated at the start and after 4 months (medical history, physical examination, laboratory evaluation). Blood samples were drawn for determination of glucose, insulin and C-peptide, both in the fasting state and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and for measurement of lipoproteins, fibrinogen, nicotine and cotinine. RESULTS: In the intervention group 98 of the subjects (48%) had quit smoking after 4 months. They were compared with the 156 subjects in the control group (91%) who were still daily smokers during the whole period. There were no significant differences in any variable between the two (total) experimental groups at baseline. Plasma nicotine and cotinine decreased (P &lt; 0.001) in the intervention group following smoking cessation, and weight increased by 2.7 kg. In the intervention group HDL-cholesterol increased by 11% (P &lt; 0.001), whereas HbA1c increased by 2% (P &lt; 0.05) only in the control group. No changes occurred in levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide and fibrinogen. CONCLUSION: The smoking cessation programme had a success rate of almost 50% over 4 months. Smoking cessation was associated with a marked increase in HDL-cholesterol levels but did not affect glucose tolerance. A concomitant weight increase may have blunted any independent beneficial effect of smoking cessation on glucose metabolism.}},
  author       = {{Nilsson, Peter and Lundgren, H and Söderström, M and Fagerström, K O and Nilsson-Ehle, Peter}},
  issn         = {{1365-2796}},
  keywords     = {{C-peptide; fibrinogen; glucose; insulin; lipoproteins; smoking cessation}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{189--194}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley-Blackwell}},
  series       = {{Journal of Internal Medicine}},
  title        = {{Effects of smoking cessation on insulin and cardiovascular risk factors--a controlled study of 4 months' duration}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2796.1996.16844000.x}},
  doi          = {{10.1046/j.1365-2796.1996.16844000.x}},
  volume       = {{240}},
  year         = {{1996}},
}