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25(OH)D levels are decreased in patients with difficult-to-treat depression

Grudet, Cécile LU orcid ; Lindqvist, Daniel LU ; Malm, Johan LU ; Westrin, Åsa LU and Ventorp, Filip LU (2022) In Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology 10. p.1-7
Abstract
Objectives
The aims of the study are i) to compare 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels between clinically depressed individuals with insufficient treatment response and healthy controls and ii) to test the association between 25(OH)D levels and different affective disorder diagnoses (i.e., major depressive disorder (MDD) single episode, MDD recurrent episode, chronic MDD, and dysthymia), as well as grade of suicidal ideation.
Method
We quantified serum 25(OH)D in 202 individuals with difficult-to-treat depression (DTD) and 41 healthy controls. Patients were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV-TR). ANCOVA was used to test differences in mean 25(OH)levels between... (More)
Objectives
The aims of the study are i) to compare 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels between clinically depressed individuals with insufficient treatment response and healthy controls and ii) to test the association between 25(OH)D levels and different affective disorder diagnoses (i.e., major depressive disorder (MDD) single episode, MDD recurrent episode, chronic MDD, and dysthymia), as well as grade of suicidal ideation.
Method
We quantified serum 25(OH)D in 202 individuals with difficult-to-treat depression (DTD) and 41 healthy controls. Patients were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV-TR). ANCOVA was used to test differences in mean 25(OH)levels between depressed and controls, adjusting for sex, age, smoking, sampling season, ethnicity, somatic illness, and body mass index (BMI). Binary logistic regression models were used to test the association between depression and 25(OH)D levels.
Results
Patients with difficult-to-treat depression had significantly lower levels of 25(OH)D compared to healthy controls (ANCOVA, F = 4.89; p = 0.03). Thirty percent of the depressed patients were 25(OH)D deficient (<50 nmol/L) compared to 5% of the controls (Chi-squared test, χ2 = 11.38; p < 0.01). The odds for being depressed decreased significantly with 17% per 10 nmol/L increase of 25(OH)D (Binary logistic regression, p < 0.05).
Limitations
The cross-sectional design of the study precludes any conclusions about causality. A large part of the patients took psychotropic drugs and/or had somatic illnesses, which might have affected the results.
Conclusion
The results of the present study add to the body of evidence linking 25(OH)D deficiency and depression. Further investigations are warranted to better understand any clinical implications of this association. (Less)
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author
; ; ; and
organization
alternative title
Vitamin-D nivå är sänkt hos patienter med svårbehandlad depression
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Vitamin D, depression & mood disorders, suicidality, inflammation
in
Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology
volume
10
article number
100126
pages
1 - 7
publisher
Elsevier
external identifiers
  • pmid:35755210
  • scopus:85137965771
ISSN
2666-4976
DOI
10.1016/j.cpnec.2022.100126
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
1e923719-ac93-473c-8d26-85e73464f8ef
date added to LUP
2022-08-24 15:58:16
date last changed
2024-02-15 15:18:32
@article{1e923719-ac93-473c-8d26-85e73464f8ef,
  abstract     = {{Objectives<br/>The aims of the study are i) to compare 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels between clinically depressed individuals with insufficient treatment response and healthy controls and ii) to test the association between 25(OH)D levels and different affective disorder diagnoses (i.e., major depressive disorder (MDD) single episode, MDD recurrent episode, chronic MDD, and dysthymia), as well as grade of suicidal ideation.<br/>Method<br/>We quantified serum 25(OH)D in 202 individuals with difficult-to-treat depression (DTD) and 41 healthy controls. Patients were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV-TR). ANCOVA was used to test differences in mean 25(OH)levels between depressed and controls, adjusting for sex, age, smoking, sampling season, ethnicity, somatic illness, and body mass index (BMI). Binary logistic regression models were used to test the association between depression and 25(OH)D levels.<br/>Results<br/>Patients with difficult-to-treat depression had significantly lower levels of 25(OH)D compared to healthy controls (ANCOVA, F = 4.89; p = 0.03). Thirty percent of the depressed patients were 25(OH)D deficient (&lt;50 nmol/L) compared to 5% of the controls (Chi-squared test, χ2 = 11.38; p &lt; 0.01). The odds for being depressed decreased significantly with 17% per 10 nmol/L increase of 25(OH)D (Binary logistic regression, p &lt; 0.05).<br/>Limitations<br/>The cross-sectional design of the study precludes any conclusions about causality. A large part of the patients took psychotropic drugs and/or had somatic illnesses, which might have affected the results.<br/>Conclusion<br/>The results of the present study add to the body of evidence linking 25(OH)D deficiency and depression. Further investigations are warranted to better understand any clinical implications of this association.}},
  author       = {{Grudet, Cécile and Lindqvist, Daniel and Malm, Johan and Westrin, Åsa and Ventorp, Filip}},
  issn         = {{2666-4976}},
  keywords     = {{Vitamin D; depression & mood disorders; suicidality; inflammation}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{02}},
  pages        = {{1--7}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  series       = {{Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology}},
  title        = {{25(OH)D levels are decreased in patients with difficult-to-treat depression}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpnec.2022.100126}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.cpnec.2022.100126}},
  volume       = {{10}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}