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Recent molecular assessment of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum asymptomatic infections in botswana

Motshoge, Thato ; Haiyambo, Daniel H. ; Ayanful-Torgby, Ruth ; Aleksenko, Larysa LU ; Ntebela, Davies ; Malleret, Benoit ; Rénia, Laurent ; Peloewetse, Elias ; Paganotti, Giacomo Maria and Quaye, Isaac K. (2021) In American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104(6). p.2159-2164
Abstract

In 2016, we reported the presence of Plasmodium vivax in Botswana through active case detection. A realtime PCR was used during a similar study in 10 districts to assess changes in the P. vivax prevalence. We assessed 1,614 children (2-13 years of age) for hemoglobin (Hb; g/dL) and Plasmodium parasites. The median age of all participants was 5.0 years (25th percentile, 3 years; 75th percentile, 8 years). The median Hb (g/dL) level was 12.1, but 18.3% of the participants had anemia (Hb < 11.0 g/dL); these participants were clustered in the younger than 5 years age group in all districts (P < 0.001). The risk of anemia decreased with age 5 years or older (odds ratio [OR], 0.26;95%confidence interval [CI], 0.197-0.34; P < 0.001).... (More)

In 2016, we reported the presence of Plasmodium vivax in Botswana through active case detection. A realtime PCR was used during a similar study in 10 districts to assess changes in the P. vivax prevalence. We assessed 1,614 children (2-13 years of age) for hemoglobin (Hb; g/dL) and Plasmodium parasites. The median age of all participants was 5.0 years (25th percentile, 3 years; 75th percentile, 8 years). The median Hb (g/dL) level was 12.1, but 18.3% of the participants had anemia (Hb < 11.0 g/dL); these participants were clustered in the younger than 5 years age group in all districts (P < 0.001). The risk of anemia decreased with age 5 years or older (odds ratio [OR], 0.26;95%confidence interval [CI], 0.197-0.34; P < 0.001). The prevalence rates of Plasmodium parasites were as follows: P. vivax, 12.7%; P. falciparum, 12.7%; P. malariae, 0.74%; and P. ovale (P. ovale curtisi), 0.68%. Mixed infection rates were as follows: P. falciparum and P. vivax, 2.35%; P. falciparum and P. ovale curtisi, 0.56%; P. vivax and P. malariae, 0.06%; and P. falciparum and P. malariae, 0.68%. The infections were largely asymptomatic (99.6%). Using logistic regression, the risk of infection with P. vivax was highest in Kweneng East (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 2.9-13.1), followed by South East (OR, 5.6; 95% CI, 2.5-12.3) and Ngami (OR, 5.1; 95%CI, 2.2-12.0). Compared to the risk of infection for children younger than 5 years, the risk of infection decreased for children 5 years or older in regions with high rates of P. vivax and P. falciparum infections. P. vivax and P. falciparum have expanded within the asymptomatic population in Botswana; therefore, careful attention is required for their elimination.

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published
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in
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
volume
104
issue
6
pages
6 pages
publisher
American Society of Tropcial Medicine & Hygiene
external identifiers
  • pmid:33939635
  • scopus:85107543425
ISSN
0002-9637
DOI
10.4269/ajtmh.21-0083
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
1f327e77-eb0f-4b8c-bcac-eab7de6b3efe
date added to LUP
2021-06-29 10:36:40
date last changed
2024-04-20 08:02:10
@article{1f327e77-eb0f-4b8c-bcac-eab7de6b3efe,
  abstract     = {{<p>In 2016, we reported the presence of Plasmodium vivax in Botswana through active case detection. A realtime PCR was used during a similar study in 10 districts to assess changes in the P. vivax prevalence. We assessed 1,614 children (2-13 years of age) for hemoglobin (Hb; g/dL) and Plasmodium parasites. The median age of all participants was 5.0 years (25th percentile, 3 years; 75th percentile, 8 years). The median Hb (g/dL) level was 12.1, but 18.3% of the participants had anemia (Hb &lt; 11.0 g/dL); these participants were clustered in the younger than 5 years age group in all districts (P &lt; 0.001). The risk of anemia decreased with age 5 years or older (odds ratio [OR], 0.26;95%confidence interval [CI], 0.197-0.34; P &lt; 0.001). The prevalence rates of Plasmodium parasites were as follows: P. vivax, 12.7%; P. falciparum, 12.7%; P. malariae, 0.74%; and P. ovale (P. ovale curtisi), 0.68%. Mixed infection rates were as follows: P. falciparum and P. vivax, 2.35%; P. falciparum and P. ovale curtisi, 0.56%; P. vivax and P. malariae, 0.06%; and P. falciparum and P. malariae, 0.68%. The infections were largely asymptomatic (99.6%). Using logistic regression, the risk of infection with P. vivax was highest in Kweneng East (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 2.9-13.1), followed by South East (OR, 5.6; 95% CI, 2.5-12.3) and Ngami (OR, 5.1; 95%CI, 2.2-12.0). Compared to the risk of infection for children younger than 5 years, the risk of infection decreased for children 5 years or older in regions with high rates of P. vivax and P. falciparum infections. P. vivax and P. falciparum have expanded within the asymptomatic population in Botswana; therefore, careful attention is required for their elimination.</p>}},
  author       = {{Motshoge, Thato and Haiyambo, Daniel H. and Ayanful-Torgby, Ruth and Aleksenko, Larysa and Ntebela, Davies and Malleret, Benoit and Rénia, Laurent and Peloewetse, Elias and Paganotti, Giacomo Maria and Quaye, Isaac K.}},
  issn         = {{0002-9637}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{06}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{2159--2164}},
  publisher    = {{American Society of Tropcial Medicine & Hygiene}},
  series       = {{American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene}},
  title        = {{Recent molecular assessment of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum asymptomatic infections in botswana}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0083}},
  doi          = {{10.4269/ajtmh.21-0083}},
  volume       = {{104}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}