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Less Is More : Simplified Fluorene-Based Dopant-Free Hole Transport Materials Promote the Long-Term Ambient Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

Mäkinen, Paavo ; Fasulo, Francesca ; Liu, Maning LU orcid ; Grandhi, G. Krishnamurthy ; Conelli, Daniele ; Al-Anesi, Basheer ; Ali-Löytty, Harri ; Lahtonen, Kimmo ; Toikkonen, Sami and Suranna, Gian Paolo , et al. (2023) In Chemistry of Materials 35(7). p.2975-2987
Abstract

The stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is greatly affected by the interface between the perovskite active layer and the hole transport material (HTM). The rational design of HTMs with effective anchoring to the perovskite surface is an emerging elegant strategy to promote compact and ordered interfaces that lead to highly efficient and stable PSCs. Herein, we propose two fluorene-based HTM molecular architectures (SCF1 and SCF2) derived from the popular yet expensive Spiro-OMeTAD. Their employment as dopant-free HTMs in standard triple-cation CsFAMA PSCs leads to superior device stability, with a T80 lifetime well above 1 year (431 days). Our combined theoretical and experimental study of the CsFAMA|HTM interface... (More)

The stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is greatly affected by the interface between the perovskite active layer and the hole transport material (HTM). The rational design of HTMs with effective anchoring to the perovskite surface is an emerging elegant strategy to promote compact and ordered interfaces that lead to highly efficient and stable PSCs. Herein, we propose two fluorene-based HTM molecular architectures (SCF1 and SCF2) derived from the popular yet expensive Spiro-OMeTAD. Their employment as dopant-free HTMs in standard triple-cation CsFAMA PSCs leads to superior device stability, with a T80 lifetime well above 1 year (431 days). Our combined theoretical and experimental study of the CsFAMA|HTM interface reveals that the improved adhesion of the SCF-HTMs to the perovskite layer is the key to minimize the non-radiative recombination, reduce the hole trap density, and enhance the long-term stability of the corresponding devices. The simplified structures of SCF1 and SCF2, obtained by removing the orthogonal fragment of the Spiro-OMeTAD scaffold, show a lower molecular distortion than Spiro-OMeTAD, thus promoting a favorable electronic interaction between the SCF-HTMs and the perovskite. This study provides useful design criteria for achieving highly stable PSCs including dopant-free HTMs with optimized adhesion to the perovskite surface.

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publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Chemistry of Materials
volume
35
issue
7
pages
13 pages
publisher
The American Chemical Society (ACS)
external identifiers
  • scopus:85150444385
ISSN
0897-4756
DOI
10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00145
language
English
LU publication?
no
id
20eefc62-1f93-459b-9c53-80af96cb2bff
date added to LUP
2023-08-24 12:00:28
date last changed
2023-08-24 14:33:00
@article{20eefc62-1f93-459b-9c53-80af96cb2bff,
  abstract     = {{<p>The stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is greatly affected by the interface between the perovskite active layer and the hole transport material (HTM). The rational design of HTMs with effective anchoring to the perovskite surface is an emerging elegant strategy to promote compact and ordered interfaces that lead to highly efficient and stable PSCs. Herein, we propose two fluorene-based HTM molecular architectures (SCF1 and SCF2) derived from the popular yet expensive Spiro-OMeTAD. Their employment as dopant-free HTMs in standard triple-cation CsFAMA PSCs leads to superior device stability, with a T<sub>80</sub> lifetime well above 1 year (431 days). Our combined theoretical and experimental study of the CsFAMA|HTM interface reveals that the improved adhesion of the SCF-HTMs to the perovskite layer is the key to minimize the non-radiative recombination, reduce the hole trap density, and enhance the long-term stability of the corresponding devices. The simplified structures of SCF1 and SCF2, obtained by removing the orthogonal fragment of the Spiro-OMeTAD scaffold, show a lower molecular distortion than Spiro-OMeTAD, thus promoting a favorable electronic interaction between the SCF-HTMs and the perovskite. This study provides useful design criteria for achieving highly stable PSCs including dopant-free HTMs with optimized adhesion to the perovskite surface.</p>}},
  author       = {{Mäkinen, Paavo and Fasulo, Francesca and Liu, Maning and Grandhi, G. Krishnamurthy and Conelli, Daniele and Al-Anesi, Basheer and Ali-Löytty, Harri and Lahtonen, Kimmo and Toikkonen, Sami and Suranna, Gian Paolo and Muñoz-García, Ana Belén and Pavone, Michele and Grisorio, Roberto and Vivo, Paola}},
  issn         = {{0897-4756}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{04}},
  number       = {{7}},
  pages        = {{2975--2987}},
  publisher    = {{The American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  series       = {{Chemistry of Materials}},
  title        = {{Less Is More : Simplified Fluorene-Based Dopant-Free Hole Transport Materials Promote the Long-Term Ambient Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00145}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00145}},
  volume       = {{35}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}