The REAL process - a process for recycling sludge from water works
(2006) In Water Science and Technology 54(5). p.235-242- Abstract
- In order to produce drinking water, coagulants - such as aluminium salts - are widely used for precipitation and separation of impurities from raw water. The residual from the process is sludge, which presents a disposal problem. The REAL process is a method for recycling the aluminium from the sludge. In a first step, the aluminium hydroxide is dissolved in sulphuric acid. In a second step, an ultra filtration will separate all suspended matter and large molecules, leaving a concentrate of 15-20% dry solids. The permeate will contain the trivalent aluminium ions together with 30-50% of the organic contaminants. In a third step, by concentrating the permeate in a nano filter, the concentration of aluminium will be high enough to, in a... (More)
- In order to produce drinking water, coagulants - such as aluminium salts - are widely used for precipitation and separation of impurities from raw water. The residual from the process is sludge, which presents a disposal problem. The REAL process is a method for recycling the aluminium from the sludge. In a first step, the aluminium hydroxide is dissolved in sulphuric acid. In a second step, an ultra filtration will separate all suspended matter and large molecules, leaving a concentrate of 15-20% dry solids. The permeate will contain the trivalent aluminium ions together with 30-50% of the organic contaminants. In a third step, by concentrating the permeate in a nano filter, the concentration of aluminium will be high enough to, in a fourth step, be precipitated with potassium sulphate to form a pure crystal: potassium aluminium sulphate. The potassium aluminium sulphate is comparable to standard aluminium sulphate. The process will give a residual in form of a concentrate from the ultra filtration, representing a few per cent of the incoming volume. This paper presents the results from a long time pilot-scale continuous test run at Vasteras water works in Sweden, as well as calculations of costs for full-scale operations. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/376766
- author
- Stendahl, K. ; Farm, C. ; Fritzdorf, I. and Ulmert, Hans LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2006
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- water treatment, recirculation, precipitation, aluminium, filtration
- in
- Water Science and Technology
- volume
- 54
- issue
- 5
- pages
- 235 - 242
- publisher
- IWA Publishing
- external identifiers
-
- wos:000242105100029
- scopus:33751070477
- ISSN
- 0273-1223
- DOI
- 10.2166/wst.2006.567
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 222067a7-4676-49ee-b887-7ec6d389d3b7 (old id 376766)
- date added to LUP
- 2016-04-01 16:44:27
- date last changed
- 2023-09-05 00:21:55
@article{222067a7-4676-49ee-b887-7ec6d389d3b7,
abstract = {{In order to produce drinking water, coagulants - such as aluminium salts - are widely used for precipitation and separation of impurities from raw water. The residual from the process is sludge, which presents a disposal problem. The REAL process is a method for recycling the aluminium from the sludge. In a first step, the aluminium hydroxide is dissolved in sulphuric acid. In a second step, an ultra filtration will separate all suspended matter and large molecules, leaving a concentrate of 15-20% dry solids. The permeate will contain the trivalent aluminium ions together with 30-50% of the organic contaminants. In a third step, by concentrating the permeate in a nano filter, the concentration of aluminium will be high enough to, in a fourth step, be precipitated with potassium sulphate to form a pure crystal: potassium aluminium sulphate. The potassium aluminium sulphate is comparable to standard aluminium sulphate. The process will give a residual in form of a concentrate from the ultra filtration, representing a few per cent of the incoming volume. This paper presents the results from a long time pilot-scale continuous test run at Vasteras water works in Sweden, as well as calculations of costs for full-scale operations.}},
author = {{Stendahl, K. and Farm, C. and Fritzdorf, I. and Ulmert, Hans}},
issn = {{0273-1223}},
keywords = {{water treatment; recirculation; precipitation; aluminium; filtration}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{5}},
pages = {{235--242}},
publisher = {{IWA Publishing}},
series = {{Water Science and Technology}},
title = {{The REAL process - a process for recycling sludge from water works}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.567}},
doi = {{10.2166/wst.2006.567}},
volume = {{54}},
year = {{2006}},
}