Antimony in brake pads - a carcinogenic component?
(2005) In Journal of Cleaner Production 13(1). p.19-31- Abstract
- Antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) is used as a lubricant in friction material. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed Sb in 3/3 disc brake pads (range 41,000-46,000 mg/kg) and in 2/2 disc brake dust samples (21,000 and 17,000 mg/kg) from trucks. Considerably lower concentrations were found in drum brake pads (3/5, 59-6400 mg/kg) and in drum brake dust (4/18, 78-2800 mg/kg). Other toxic metals were also detected in pads and dust. The health risk of Sb in particulate brake emissions should be dependent on particle size and chemical entity, in particular solubility. A significant amount of the emitted dust was shown by size-fractionated optical particle counting to be inhalable in environmental ( > 90% mass) and occupational ( > 50% mass)... (More)
- Antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) is used as a lubricant in friction material. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed Sb in 3/3 disc brake pads (range 41,000-46,000 mg/kg) and in 2/2 disc brake dust samples (21,000 and 17,000 mg/kg) from trucks. Considerably lower concentrations were found in drum brake pads (3/5, 59-6400 mg/kg) and in drum brake dust (4/18, 78-2800 mg/kg). Other toxic metals were also detected in pads and dust. The health risk of Sb in particulate brake emissions should be dependent on particle size and chemical entity, in particular solubility. A significant amount of the emitted dust was shown by size-fractionated optical particle counting to be inhalable in environmental ( > 90% mass) and occupational ( > 50% mass) exposure situations. Differentiation via selective solubility showed a considerable amount of Sb2S3 to oxidize during the braking process, likely leading to the formation of Sb2O3, a suspected human carcinogen. Sb in brake dust was soluble in calf serum (8.5 +/- 1.2%, 8.9 +/- 1.7 mg/l at 37degreesC for 3 d). Hence, the use of Sb in friction material should be suspected to pose a human cancer risk and be deterred. To design healthy and environmentally sound alternatives, we propose to apply the Intelligent Product System that distinguishes products of consumption and products of service. Brake pads are true products of consumption, because they are released to biological cycles, and should thus consist of materials with positively defined health and environmental properties. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/265374
- author
- von Uexull, O ; Skerfving, Staffan LU ; Doyle, R and Braungart, M
- organization
- publishing date
- 2005
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- product system, intelligent, carcinogenic potential, inhalation, antimony, brake pads
- in
- Journal of Cleaner Production
- volume
- 13
- issue
- 1
- pages
- 19 - 31
- publisher
- Elsevier
- external identifiers
-
- wos:000224260300002
- scopus:4243180413
- ISSN
- 0959-6526
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.jclepro.2003.10.008
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 618e5854-5060-4009-8def-e2f021b73860 (old id 265374)
- date added to LUP
- 2016-04-01 15:56:53
- date last changed
- 2022-04-15 01:01:09
@article{618e5854-5060-4009-8def-e2f021b73860,
abstract = {{Antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) is used as a lubricant in friction material. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed Sb in 3/3 disc brake pads (range 41,000-46,000 mg/kg) and in 2/2 disc brake dust samples (21,000 and 17,000 mg/kg) from trucks. Considerably lower concentrations were found in drum brake pads (3/5, 59-6400 mg/kg) and in drum brake dust (4/18, 78-2800 mg/kg). Other toxic metals were also detected in pads and dust. The health risk of Sb in particulate brake emissions should be dependent on particle size and chemical entity, in particular solubility. A significant amount of the emitted dust was shown by size-fractionated optical particle counting to be inhalable in environmental ( > 90% mass) and occupational ( > 50% mass) exposure situations. Differentiation via selective solubility showed a considerable amount of Sb2S3 to oxidize during the braking process, likely leading to the formation of Sb2O3, a suspected human carcinogen. Sb in brake dust was soluble in calf serum (8.5 +/- 1.2%, 8.9 +/- 1.7 mg/l at 37degreesC for 3 d). Hence, the use of Sb in friction material should be suspected to pose a human cancer risk and be deterred. To design healthy and environmentally sound alternatives, we propose to apply the Intelligent Product System that distinguishes products of consumption and products of service. Brake pads are true products of consumption, because they are released to biological cycles, and should thus consist of materials with positively defined health and environmental properties.}},
author = {{von Uexull, O and Skerfving, Staffan and Doyle, R and Braungart, M}},
issn = {{0959-6526}},
keywords = {{product system; intelligent; carcinogenic potential; inhalation; antimony; brake pads}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{1}},
pages = {{19--31}},
publisher = {{Elsevier}},
series = {{Journal of Cleaner Production}},
title = {{Antimony in brake pads - a carcinogenic component?}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2003.10.008}},
doi = {{10.1016/j.jclepro.2003.10.008}},
volume = {{13}},
year = {{2005}},
}