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Effects of acute and chronic stress on telencephalic neurochemistry and gene expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Moltesen, Maria ; Laursen, Danielle Caroline ; Thörnqvist, Per Ove ; Andersson, Madelene Åberg LU ; Winberg, Svante and Höglund, Erik (2016) In Journal of Experimental Biology 219(24). p.3907-3914
Abstract

By filtering relevant sensory inputs and initiating stress responses, the brain is an essential organ in stress coping and adaptation. However, exposure to chronic or repeated stress can lead to allostatic overload, where neuroendocrinal and behavioral reactions to stress become maladaptive. This work examines forebrain mechanisms involved in allostatic processes in teleost fishes. Plasma cortisol, forebrain serotonergic (5-HTergic) neurochemistry, and mRNA levels of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), CRF-binding protein (CRFBP), CRF receptors (CRFR1 and CRFR2), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), glucocorticoid receptors (GR1 and GR2) and serotonin type 1A (5-HT1A) receptors (5-HT1Aα and 5-HT1Aβ) were... (More)

By filtering relevant sensory inputs and initiating stress responses, the brain is an essential organ in stress coping and adaptation. However, exposure to chronic or repeated stress can lead to allostatic overload, where neuroendocrinal and behavioral reactions to stress become maladaptive. This work examines forebrain mechanisms involved in allostatic processes in teleost fishes. Plasma cortisol, forebrain serotonergic (5-HTergic) neurochemistry, and mRNA levels of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), CRF-binding protein (CRFBP), CRF receptors (CRFR1 and CRFR2), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), glucocorticoid receptors (GR1 and GR2) and serotonin type 1A (5-HT1A) receptors (5-HT1Aα and 5-HT1Aβ) were investigated at 1 h before and 0, 1 and 4 h after acute stress, in two groups of rainbow trout held in densities of 25 and 140 kg m-3 for 28 days. Generally, being held at 140 kg m-3 resulted in a less pronounced cortisol response. This effect was also reflected in lower forebrain 5-HTergic turnover, but not in mRNA levels in any of the investigated genes. This lends further support to reports that allostatic load causes fish to be incapable of mounting a proper cortisol response to an acute stressor, and suggests that changes in forebrain 5-HT metabolism are involved in allostatic processes in fish. Independent of rearing densities, mRNA levels of 5-HT1Aα and MR were downregulated 4 h post-stress compared with values 1 h post-stress, suggesting that these receptors are under feedback control and take part in the downregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis after exposure to an acute stressor.

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author
; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
5-HT, Allostatic load, Cortisol, Gene expression, HPI axis, Neurochemistry
in
Journal of Experimental Biology
volume
219
issue
24
pages
8 pages
publisher
The Company of Biologists Ltd
external identifiers
  • pmid:27802140
  • wos:000391279300014
  • scopus:85006390478
ISSN
0022-0949
DOI
10.1242/jeb.139857
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
28523b59-aa53-4ee5-ba07-c2ebc87b58ac
date added to LUP
2017-01-11 13:38:12
date last changed
2024-05-31 21:07:59
@article{28523b59-aa53-4ee5-ba07-c2ebc87b58ac,
  abstract     = {{<p>By filtering relevant sensory inputs and initiating stress responses, the brain is an essential organ in stress coping and adaptation. However, exposure to chronic or repeated stress can lead to allostatic overload, where neuroendocrinal and behavioral reactions to stress become maladaptive. This work examines forebrain mechanisms involved in allostatic processes in teleost fishes. Plasma cortisol, forebrain serotonergic (5-HTergic) neurochemistry, and mRNA levels of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), CRF-binding protein (CRFBP), CRF receptors (CRFR1 and CRFR2), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), glucocorticoid receptors (GR1 and GR2) and serotonin type 1A (5-HT<sub>1A</sub>) receptors (5-HT<sub>1Aα</sub> and 5-HT<sub>1Aβ</sub>) were investigated at 1 h before and 0, 1 and 4 h after acute stress, in two groups of rainbow trout held in densities of 25 and 140 kg m<sup>-3</sup> for 28 days. Generally, being held at 140 kg m<sup>-3</sup> resulted in a less pronounced cortisol response. This effect was also reflected in lower forebrain 5-HTergic turnover, but not in mRNA levels in any of the investigated genes. This lends further support to reports that allostatic load causes fish to be incapable of mounting a proper cortisol response to an acute stressor, and suggests that changes in forebrain 5-HT metabolism are involved in allostatic processes in fish. Independent of rearing densities, mRNA levels of 5-HT<sub>1Aα</sub> and MR were downregulated 4 h post-stress compared with values 1 h post-stress, suggesting that these receptors are under feedback control and take part in the downregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis after exposure to an acute stressor.</p>}},
  author       = {{Moltesen, Maria and Laursen, Danielle Caroline and Thörnqvist, Per Ove and Andersson, Madelene Åberg and Winberg, Svante and Höglund, Erik}},
  issn         = {{0022-0949}},
  keywords     = {{5-HT; Allostatic load; Cortisol; Gene expression; HPI axis; Neurochemistry}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{12}},
  number       = {{24}},
  pages        = {{3907--3914}},
  publisher    = {{The Company of Biologists Ltd}},
  series       = {{Journal of Experimental Biology}},
  title        = {{Effects of acute and chronic stress on telencephalic neurochemistry and gene expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.139857}},
  doi          = {{10.1242/jeb.139857}},
  volume       = {{219}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}