Polymer Gels and their Interactions with Ionic Surfactants
(1997)- Abstract
- The response on chemically crosslinked gels and polymer solutions on the addition of ionic surfactants and/or addition of salt at different temperatures have been studied.
All polymers studied are water soluble and slightly hydrophobic or hydrophobically modified. Because of their hydrophobicity the polymers have a strong tendency to associate, both with themselves and with surfactants. Another important property of such polymers is the decreased water solubility on temperature increase. At a certain temperature called the lower consolute temperture (LCST) the polymer in solution precipitates and the polymer gel collapses.
Most of the work deals with volume changes in chemically crosslinked polymer... (More) - The response on chemically crosslinked gels and polymer solutions on the addition of ionic surfactants and/or addition of salt at different temperatures have been studied.
All polymers studied are water soluble and slightly hydrophobic or hydrophobically modified. Because of their hydrophobicity the polymers have a strong tendency to associate, both with themselves and with surfactants. Another important property of such polymers is the decreased water solubility on temperature increase. At a certain temperature called the lower consolute temperture (LCST) the polymer in solution precipitates and the polymer gel collapses.
Most of the work deals with volume changes in chemically crosslinked polymer gels on ionic surfactant addition. To get a greater understanding linear polymer-surfactant interactions in solutions are also investigated. The main part of this work is on different cellulose ethers such as: ethyl(hydroxyethyl) cellulose (EHEC) and its hydrophobically modified analogue HMEHEC and a cationic hydrophobically modified cellulose called LM200. Other polymers investigated are the polyacrylamide based polymer gels: poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide (p-NIPA) and a polyacrylamide with pendant poly(ethylene oxide) chains. The surfactants used are anionic, cationic and nonionic. On addition of an ionic surfactant to the polymer gels the surfactants associate to the polymer at a certain concentration called the critical aggregation temperature (cac). At this concentration the gel has a fast swelling up to a concentration that corresponds to the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the surfactant not bound to the polymer. The swelling is due to the contribution from the dissociated counterions to the osmotic pressure. The maximum swelling of the gel comes at a free surfactant concentration near the cmc.
In a polymer solution the surfactant binding leads to an increased viscosity due to the extra physical crosslinkes from the mixed surfactant-polymer aggregates. When surfactants are added the LCST is increased. When salt is added to the surfactant-polymer gel system the cac, and the onset concentration of the swelling decreased. There is also a volume decrease of the gel over the whole surfactant concentration interval due to the screening of the charges from the aggregated surfactants.
Binding isotherms for the surfactant-polymer systems have been made with different techniques (NMR self-diffusion, sodium flame-emission measurements and UV-absorbance). (Less) - Abstract (Swedish)
- Popular Abstract in Swedish
Polymergeler och deras interaktioner med joniska surfaktanter.
Olika typer av hydrofoba polymerer och hydrophobmodifierade polymerer tvärbinds kemisk till geler.
Dessa geler tillhör gruppen responsiva geler, vilket betyder att gelerna ändrar sin volym under yttre påverkan.
Gelernas volymändring studeras vid tillsats av olika joniska surfaktanter, vid tillsats av salt och vid olika temperaturer.
Studier av mängden surfaktant som binds till polymergelerna har också gjorts.
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/29715
- author
- Rosén, Olof LU
- supervisor
- opponent
-
- Prof Gehrke, Stevin H., Dept. of Chemical Engineering University of Cincinnati ML 0171 Cincinnati OH 45221-0171 USA
- organization
- publishing date
- 1997
- type
- Thesis
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Physical chemistry, Polymer-Surfactant Interactions, Modified Polymers, Binding Isotherm, Polymer Gels, Swelling Isotherm, Fysikalisk kemi
- pages
- 123 pages
- publisher
- Physical Chemistry 1, Lund University
- defense location
- Sal C Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lund University
- defense date
- 1997-12-13 10:15:00
- external identifiers
-
- other:ISRN: LUNKDL/NKFK--97/1021--SE
- ISBN
- 91-628-2785-5
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 3db8ffa4-b7b5-4479-a931-1946915d97b4 (old id 29715)
- date added to LUP
- 2016-04-04 12:09:41
- date last changed
- 2018-11-21 21:09:20
@phdthesis{3db8ffa4-b7b5-4479-a931-1946915d97b4,
abstract = {{The response on chemically crosslinked gels and polymer solutions on the addition of ionic surfactants and/or addition of salt at different temperatures have been studied.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
All polymers studied are water soluble and slightly hydrophobic or hydrophobically modified. Because of their hydrophobicity the polymers have a strong tendency to associate, both with themselves and with surfactants. Another important property of such polymers is the decreased water solubility on temperature increase. At a certain temperature called the lower consolute temperture (LCST) the polymer in solution precipitates and the polymer gel collapses.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
Most of the work deals with volume changes in chemically crosslinked polymer gels on ionic surfactant addition. To get a greater understanding linear polymer-surfactant interactions in solutions are also investigated. The main part of this work is on different cellulose ethers such as: ethyl(hydroxyethyl) cellulose (EHEC) and its hydrophobically modified analogue HMEHEC and a cationic hydrophobically modified cellulose called LM200. Other polymers investigated are the polyacrylamide based polymer gels: poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide (p-NIPA) and a polyacrylamide with pendant poly(ethylene oxide) chains. The surfactants used are anionic, cationic and nonionic. On addition of an ionic surfactant to the polymer gels the surfactants associate to the polymer at a certain concentration called the critical aggregation temperature (cac). At this concentration the gel has a fast swelling up to a concentration that corresponds to the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the surfactant not bound to the polymer. The swelling is due to the contribution from the dissociated counterions to the osmotic pressure. The maximum swelling of the gel comes at a free surfactant concentration near the cmc.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
In a polymer solution the surfactant binding leads to an increased viscosity due to the extra physical crosslinkes from the mixed surfactant-polymer aggregates. When surfactants are added the LCST is increased. When salt is added to the surfactant-polymer gel system the cac, and the onset concentration of the swelling decreased. There is also a volume decrease of the gel over the whole surfactant concentration interval due to the screening of the charges from the aggregated surfactants.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
Binding isotherms for the surfactant-polymer systems have been made with different techniques (NMR self-diffusion, sodium flame-emission measurements and UV-absorbance).}},
author = {{Rosén, Olof}},
isbn = {{91-628-2785-5}},
keywords = {{Physical chemistry; Polymer-Surfactant Interactions; Modified Polymers; Binding Isotherm; Polymer Gels; Swelling Isotherm; Fysikalisk kemi}},
language = {{eng}},
publisher = {{Physical Chemistry 1, Lund University}},
school = {{Lund University}},
title = {{Polymer Gels and their Interactions with Ionic Surfactants}},
year = {{1997}},
}