Cesarean delivery and associated socioeconomic factors and neonatal survival outcome in Kenya and Tanzania: analysis of national survey data.
Ochieng Arunda, Malachi LU ; Agardh, Anette LU
and Asamoah, Benedict Oppong
LU
(2020)
In Global Health Action
13(1).
- Abstract
- Background: The increasing trends in cesarean delivery are globally acknowledged. However, in many low-resource countries, socioeconomic disparities have created a pattern of underuse and overuse among lower and higher socioeconomic groups. The impact of rising cesarean delivery rates on neonatal survival is also unclear.Objective: To examine cesarean delivery and its associated socioeconomic patterns and neonatal survival outcome in Kenya and Tanzania.Methods: We employed binary logistic regression to analyze cross-sectional demographic and health survey data on neonates born in health facilities in Kenya (2014) and Tanzania (2016).Results: Cesarean delivery rates ranged from 5% among uneducated, rural Tanzanian women to 26% among... (More)
- Background: The increasing trends in cesarean delivery are globally acknowledged. However, in many low-resource countries, socioeconomic disparities have created a pattern of underuse and overuse among lower and higher socioeconomic groups. The impact of rising cesarean delivery rates on neonatal survival is also unclear.Objective: To examine cesarean delivery and its associated socioeconomic patterns and neonatal survival outcome in Kenya and Tanzania.Methods: We employed binary logistic regression to analyze cross-sectional demographic and health survey data on neonates born in health facilities in Kenya (2014) and Tanzania (2016).Results: Cesarean delivery rates ranged from 5% among uneducated, rural Tanzanian women to 26% among educated urban women in Kenya to 37.5% among managers in urban Tanzania. Overall findings indicated higher odds of cesarean delivery among mothers from richest households, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.8), those insured, aOR 1.6 (95% CI 1.3-1.9), highly educated, aOR 1.6 (95% CI 1.2-2.0) and managers aOR 1.7 (95% CI 1.3-2.2), compared to middle class, no insurance, primary education and unemployed, respectively. Overall, compared to normal births and while adjusting for maternal risk factors, cesarean delivery was significantly associated with neonatal mortality in Kenya and Tanzania, overall aOR 1.7 (95% CI 1.2-2.7). However, statistical significance ceased when fetal risk factors and number of antenatal care visits were further controlled for, aOR 1.6 (95% CI 0.9-2.6).Conclusion: Disproportionate access to cesarean delivery has widened in Kenya and Tanzania. Higher risks of cesarean-related neonatal deaths exist. Medically indicated or not, the safety and/or choice of cesarean delivery is best addressed on individual basis at the health-facility level. However, policy initiatives to eliminate incentives, improve equitable access and accountability to reduce unnecessary cesarean deliveries through well-informed decisions are needed. Efforts to prevent unintended pregnancies among adolescents as well as training of health workers and continuous research to improve neonatal outcomes are vital.
(Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/2e99dd07-5eb2-4668-aa27-605fea9214ca
- author
- Ochieng Arunda, Malachi
LU
; Agardh, Anette
LU
and Asamoah, Benedict Oppong
LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2020-04-29
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Socioeconomic factors; cesarean delivery; logistic regression; low-resource countries; neonatal mortality
- in
- Global Health Action
- volume
- 13
- issue
- 1
- article number
- 1748403
- publisher
- Co-Action Publishing
- external identifiers
-
- pmid:32345146
- scopus:85084107328
- ISSN
- 1654-9716
- DOI
- 10.1080/16549716.2020.1748403
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 2e99dd07-5eb2-4668-aa27-605fea9214ca
- date added to LUP
- 2020-05-07 09:46:05
- date last changed
- 2022-04-18 22:01:37
@article{2e99dd07-5eb2-4668-aa27-605fea9214ca,
abstract = {{Background: The increasing trends in cesarean delivery are globally acknowledged. However, in many low-resource countries, socioeconomic disparities have created a pattern of underuse and overuse among lower and higher socioeconomic groups. The impact of rising cesarean delivery rates on neonatal survival is also unclear.Objective: To examine cesarean delivery and its associated socioeconomic patterns and neonatal survival outcome in Kenya and Tanzania.Methods: We employed binary logistic regression to analyze cross-sectional demographic and health survey data on neonates born in health facilities in Kenya (2014) and Tanzania (2016).Results: Cesarean delivery rates ranged from 5% among uneducated, rural Tanzanian women to 26% among educated urban women in Kenya to 37.5% among managers in urban Tanzania. Overall findings indicated higher odds of cesarean delivery among mothers from richest households, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.8), those insured, aOR 1.6 (95% CI 1.3-1.9), highly educated, aOR 1.6 (95% CI 1.2-2.0) and managers aOR 1.7 (95% CI 1.3-2.2), compared to middle class, no insurance, primary education and unemployed, respectively. Overall, compared to normal births and while adjusting for maternal risk factors, cesarean delivery was significantly associated with neonatal mortality in Kenya and Tanzania, overall aOR 1.7 (95% CI 1.2-2.7). However, statistical significance ceased when fetal risk factors and number of antenatal care visits were further controlled for, aOR 1.6 (95% CI 0.9-2.6).Conclusion: Disproportionate access to cesarean delivery has widened in Kenya and Tanzania. Higher risks of cesarean-related neonatal deaths exist. Medically indicated or not, the safety and/or choice of cesarean delivery is best addressed on individual basis at the health-facility level. However, policy initiatives to eliminate incentives, improve equitable access and accountability to reduce unnecessary cesarean deliveries through well-informed decisions are needed. Efforts to prevent unintended pregnancies among adolescents as well as training of health workers and continuous research to improve neonatal outcomes are vital.<br/><br/>}},
author = {{Ochieng Arunda, Malachi and Agardh, Anette and Asamoah, Benedict Oppong}},
issn = {{1654-9716}},
keywords = {{Socioeconomic factors; cesarean delivery; logistic regression; low-resource countries; neonatal mortality}},
language = {{eng}},
month = {{04}},
number = {{1}},
publisher = {{Co-Action Publishing}},
series = {{Global Health Action}},
title = {{Cesarean delivery and associated socioeconomic factors and neonatal survival outcome in Kenya and Tanzania: analysis of national survey data.}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1748403}},
doi = {{10.1080/16549716.2020.1748403}},
volume = {{13}},
year = {{2020}},
}