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Som vem som helst : Kön, funktionalitet och idrottande kroppar

Apelmo, Elisabet LU (2012) In Lund Dissertations in Sociology 104.
Abstract
The main aim of this thesis is to explore young women’s lived experience of the body, which, on one hand, is viewed as deviant – the disabled body – and, on the other hand, is viewed as accomplished – the sporting body. The questions posed in the thesis are the following: how do the young women handle the two subject positions that emerge as a result of the perception of them as respectively deviant and accomplished, which forms of femininity are available to them and what are the strategies of resistance they develop.



Based on the work of philosophers Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Simone de Beauvoir, phenomenologies create in this thesis a sociological theoretical framework that includes the body. Participant observation... (More)
The main aim of this thesis is to explore young women’s lived experience of the body, which, on one hand, is viewed as deviant – the disabled body – and, on the other hand, is viewed as accomplished – the sporting body. The questions posed in the thesis are the following: how do the young women handle the two subject positions that emerge as a result of the perception of them as respectively deviant and accomplished, which forms of femininity are available to them and what are the strategies of resistance they develop.



Based on the work of philosophers Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Simone de Beauvoir, phenomenologies create in this thesis a sociological theoretical framework that includes the body. Participant observation was conducted at a disability sports camp for young disabled people and at four disability sports contests. The participants were recruited from both the sports camp and disability sports clubs. Ten semi-structured interviews were done with young women ages 15 to 28. Three of the participants were asked to keep video diaries: they were lent a small camcorder and a lightweight tripod for two months.



In this study a polarization paradoxically is apparent between the weak, which is expressed through the expression of belonging as ”we”, and the strong individual. The subject position as capable and positive – as a reaction towards the weak, the negative – is one of the few positions that are available to them. With the positive and strong attitude, as with distancing from the victim position, the consequence is the difficulty, not only to complain but also to express pain, despair or discomfort in one’s everyday life. In this study many critical voices are raised. They also tell about stumbling and incontinence. At the same time the answer ”no, it’s fine” is given in many different forms. In this thesis this is interpreted as an unwillingness to express negative emotions.



The phrase ”I am like everyone else” and the many variations on the same theme in the empirical material are interpreted as a wish for normality. Using the same logic – that attributed weakness leads to the expression of strength – the deviance that is attributed leads to a nearly extreme expression of normality. The lack of gender attributed to disabled people appears to imply that if functionality is not ”normal”, there is no room for another categorization. One interpretation of the material is that disability is seen in the family and in society as a different landscape, in which vulnerability needs to be compensated for by normality, which in turn results in the interview persons’ socialization into a compensatory normalcy. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Avhandlingens huvudsakliga syfte är att utforska unga kvinnors levda erfarenheter av en kropp som å ena sidan betraktas som avvikande – den fysiskt funktionsnedsatta eller rörelsehindrade kroppen – å andra sidan betraktas som presterande – den idrottande kroppen. De frågor som ställs i avhandlingen är hur de unga kvinnorna förhandlar de båda subjektspositioner som uppstår, vilka former för femininitet som finns tillgängliga för dem samt vilka motståndsstrategier som de utvecklar.



Med utgångspunkt i filosoferna Maurice Merleau-Pontys och Simone de Beauvoirs fenomenologier skapas i avhandlingen ett sociologiskt teoretiskt ramverk som inkluderar kroppen. Deltagande observationer... (More)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Avhandlingens huvudsakliga syfte är att utforska unga kvinnors levda erfarenheter av en kropp som å ena sidan betraktas som avvikande – den fysiskt funktionsnedsatta eller rörelsehindrade kroppen – å andra sidan betraktas som presterande – den idrottande kroppen. De frågor som ställs i avhandlingen är hur de unga kvinnorna förhandlar de båda subjektspositioner som uppstår, vilka former för femininitet som finns tillgängliga för dem samt vilka motståndsstrategier som de utvecklar.



Med utgångspunkt i filosoferna Maurice Merleau-Pontys och Simone de Beauvoirs fenomenologier skapas i avhandlingen ett sociologiskt teoretiskt ramverk som inkluderar kroppen. Deltagande observationer utfördes vid ett handikappidrottsläger för unga med funktionsnedsättningar samt vid fyra handikappidrottstävlingar. Studiens deltagare rekryterades dels från lägret, dels från handikappidrottsföreningar. Tio semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med unga kvinnor, 15-28 år. Tre av deltagarna ombads att göra videodagböcker: en liten videokamera och ett lättviktsstativ lånades ut till dem under två månader.



I materialet uppstår paradoxalt nog en polarisering mellan den svaga, vilket uttrycks genom tillhörigheten till ett ”vi”, och den starka individen. Subjektspositionen som kapabel och positiv – som en reaktion mot den svaga, negativa – är en av få som finns tillgängliga för dem. Med denna subjektsposition, liksom med distanseringen från offerpositionen, följer dock inte bara en svårighet att klaga utan också att uttrycka smärta, förtvivlan eller trötthet över att vardagen är besvärlig. I materialet höjs förvisso många kritiska röster, och de berättar även om snubblande och urinläckage. Samtidigt återkommer ofta svaret ”nej, det är bra” i olika varianter. Detta tolkas i avhandlingen som uttryck för oviljan att visa negativa känslor.



I frasen ”jag är som vem som helst” och dess många varianter i det empiriska materialet, inryms begäret efter normalitet. Enligt samma logik som gör att den tillskrivna svagheten leder till framhävandet av styrka, leder den avvikelse som påläggs dem till framhävandet av en accentuerad normalitet. Den könlöshet som tillskrivs människor med funktionsnedsättningar tyder på att om funktionaliteten inte är ”normal”, finns det inte utrymme för ytterligare en kategorisering. En tolkning av materialet är att det annorlundaskap som funktionsnedsättningen anses utgöra i familjen liksom i samhället, ses som en utsatthet som måste uppvägas med normalitet, vilket har lett till att intervjupersonerna socialiserats in i en kompensatorisk vanlighet. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • professor Peterson, Tomas, Malmö Högskola
organization
alternative title
Like everyone else : Gender, functionality and sporting bodies
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
feminist methodology, phenomenology, disability studies, social movements, assistive technology, technology, difference, normality, feminism, gender, visual methods, video diaries, body, sport, disability sport, physical education
in
Lund Dissertations in Sociology
volume
104
pages
272 pages
publisher
Daidalos
defense location
Kulturens Auditorium, Tegnérsplatsen, Lund
defense date
2012-12-14 13:15:00
ISSN
1102-4712
ISBN
978-91-7473-408-9
language
Swedish
LU publication?
yes
id
d1d2237c-2d62-4b5d-8c0f-9afe22c6f590 (old id 3195647)
date added to LUP
2016-04-04 09:27:07
date last changed
2021-03-08 08:08:59
@phdthesis{d1d2237c-2d62-4b5d-8c0f-9afe22c6f590,
  abstract     = {{The main aim of this thesis is to explore young women’s lived experience of the body, which, on one hand, is viewed as deviant – the disabled body – and, on the other hand, is viewed as accomplished – the sporting body. The questions posed in the thesis are the following: how do the young women handle the two subject positions that emerge as a result of the perception of them as respectively deviant and accomplished, which forms of femininity are available to them and what are the strategies of resistance they develop.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
Based on the work of philosophers Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Simone de Beauvoir, phenomenologies create in this thesis a sociological theoretical framework that includes the body. Participant observation was conducted at a disability sports camp for young disabled people and at four disability sports contests. The participants were recruited from both the sports camp and disability sports clubs. Ten semi-structured interviews were done with young women ages 15 to 28. Three of the participants were asked to keep video diaries: they were lent a small camcorder and a lightweight tripod for two months.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
In this study a polarization paradoxically is apparent between the weak, which is expressed through the expression of belonging as ”we”, and the strong individual. The subject position as capable and positive – as a reaction towards the weak, the negative – is one of the few positions that are available to them. With the positive and strong attitude, as with distancing from the victim position, the consequence is the difficulty, not only to complain but also to express pain, despair or discomfort in one’s everyday life. In this study many critical voices are raised. They also tell about stumbling and incontinence. At the same time the answer ”no, it’s fine” is given in many different forms. In this thesis this is interpreted as an unwillingness to express negative emotions. <br/><br>
<br/><br>
The phrase ”I am like everyone else” and the many variations on the same theme in the empirical material are interpreted as a wish for normality. Using the same logic – that attributed weakness leads to the expression of strength – the deviance that is attributed leads to a nearly extreme expression of normality. The lack of gender attributed to disabled people appears to imply that if functionality is not ”normal”, there is no room for another categorization. One interpretation of the material is that disability is seen in the family and in society as a different landscape, in which vulnerability needs to be compensated for by normality, which in turn results in the interview persons’ socialization into a compensatory normalcy.}},
  author       = {{Apelmo, Elisabet}},
  isbn         = {{978-91-7473-408-9}},
  issn         = {{1102-4712}},
  keywords     = {{feminist methodology; phenomenology; disability studies; social movements; assistive technology; technology; difference; normality; feminism; gender; visual methods; video diaries; body; sport; disability sport; physical education}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  publisher    = {{Daidalos}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  series       = {{Lund Dissertations in Sociology}},
  title        = {{Som vem som helst : Kön, funktionalitet och idrottande kroppar}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/50358924/apelmo_155x220.pdf}},
  volume       = {{104}},
  year         = {{2012}},
}