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The UFLUX ensemble of multiple-scale carbon, water, and energy fluxes

Zhu, Songyan ; Xu, Jian ; Zeng, Jingya ; Bao, Shanning ; Chen, Yumeng ; Shi, Shuaiyi ; Zheng, Zhonghua ; Dong, Wenquan LU orcid ; Wang, Yapeng and Shi, Jiancheng (2026) In Scientific Data 13(1).
Abstract

Terrestrial ecosystems regulate climate by absorbing about one-third of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Monitoring carbon, water, and energy fluxes is essential for understanding ecosystem responses to climate change. However, existing flux datasets lack sufficient spatial resolution and consistency needed for fragmented landscapes like UK agricultural areas. This study presents the Unified FLUXes (UFLUX) ensemble, a globally consistent dataset of gross primary productivity, evapotranspiration, and sensible heat fluxes derived from eddy covariance data, satellite observations, and machine learning. UFLUX comprises ~ 60 ensemble members across multiple spatial and temporal scales: global (monthly, 0.25°), Europe (daily, 0.25°;... (More)

Terrestrial ecosystems regulate climate by absorbing about one-third of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Monitoring carbon, water, and energy fluxes is essential for understanding ecosystem responses to climate change. However, existing flux datasets lack sufficient spatial resolution and consistency needed for fragmented landscapes like UK agricultural areas. This study presents the Unified FLUXes (UFLUX) ensemble, a globally consistent dataset of gross primary productivity, evapotranspiration, and sensible heat fluxes derived from eddy covariance data, satellite observations, and machine learning. UFLUX comprises ~ 60 ensemble members across multiple spatial and temporal scales: global (monthly, 0.25°), Europe (daily, 0.25°; biannual, 100 m), and UK (daily, 100 m). Validation against eddy covariance (EC) measurements shows UFLUX captures over 80% of flux variability, with low mean absolute errors, reproducing climate responses and interannual patterns in line with existing literature, though uncertainties in net carbon flux remain. UFLUX holds promise for supporting cross-scale climate policymaking and actions, providing valuable insights for land management and carbon sequestration efforts aimed at a carbon-neutral future.

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author
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Scientific Data
volume
13
issue
1
article number
90
publisher
Nature Publishing Group
external identifiers
  • pmid:41469523
  • scopus:105028505487
ISSN
2052-4463
DOI
10.1038/s41597-025-06401-x
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
34e24f0b-eadb-4bff-99fb-cf6c2501b3a4
date added to LUP
2026-02-17 14:18:51
date last changed
2026-05-27 04:17:59
@article{34e24f0b-eadb-4bff-99fb-cf6c2501b3a4,
  abstract     = {{<p>Terrestrial ecosystems regulate climate by absorbing about one-third of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Monitoring carbon, water, and energy fluxes is essential for understanding ecosystem responses to climate change. However, existing flux datasets lack sufficient spatial resolution and consistency needed for fragmented landscapes like UK agricultural areas. This study presents the Unified FLUXes (UFLUX) ensemble, a globally consistent dataset of gross primary productivity, evapotranspiration, and sensible heat fluxes derived from eddy covariance data, satellite observations, and machine learning. UFLUX comprises ~ 60 ensemble members across multiple spatial and temporal scales: global (monthly, 0.25°), Europe (daily, 0.25°; biannual, 100 m), and UK (daily, 100 m). Validation against eddy covariance (EC) measurements shows UFLUX captures over 80% of flux variability, with low mean absolute errors, reproducing climate responses and interannual patterns in line with existing literature, though uncertainties in net carbon flux remain. UFLUX holds promise for supporting cross-scale climate policymaking and actions, providing valuable insights for land management and carbon sequestration efforts aimed at a carbon-neutral future.</p>}},
  author       = {{Zhu, Songyan and Xu, Jian and Zeng, Jingya and Bao, Shanning and Chen, Yumeng and Shi, Shuaiyi and Zheng, Zhonghua and Dong, Wenquan and Wang, Yapeng and Shi, Jiancheng}},
  issn         = {{2052-4463}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  series       = {{Scientific Data}},
  title        = {{The UFLUX ensemble of multiple-scale carbon, water, and energy fluxes}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06401-x}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/s41597-025-06401-x}},
  volume       = {{13}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}