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Application of Molecular Markers in Sugar Beet Breeding

Hjerdin Panagopoulos, Annika LU (2003)
Abstract
Around 1750 a German chemist discovered it to be possible to extract sugar crystals from beet juice. Since then, breeding and improved agricultural practices have increased the concentration of sucrose per root from around 4% to around 18%. Sugar content is still one of the most important characters in sugar beet breeding, but breeders of today are also faced with many more characters, many of a complex nature.



The introduction of molecular marker techniques has added a very powerful tool to traditional breeding techniques. Through use of molecular markers it has become possible to breed with higher precision and with a higher degree of control. Molecular markers have also enabled complex traits to be dissected into some... (More)
Around 1750 a German chemist discovered it to be possible to extract sugar crystals from beet juice. Since then, breeding and improved agricultural practices have increased the concentration of sucrose per root from around 4% to around 18%. Sugar content is still one of the most important characters in sugar beet breeding, but breeders of today are also faced with many more characters, many of a complex nature.



The introduction of molecular marker techniques has added a very powerful tool to traditional breeding techniques. Through use of molecular markers it has become possible to breed with higher precision and with a higher degree of control. Molecular markers have also enabled complex traits to be dissected into some of their contributing factors.



The studies included in the thesis have all been carried out for the purpose of finding and investigating the usefulness of molecular markers in sugar beet breeding. Large parts of the thesis is therefore concerned with describing how sugar beets are bred, how molecular markers can assist in this process and what should be taken account of in marker applications. The first three studies formed the basis for the use of markers in breeding applications, whereas the three studies thereafter are examples of marker applications.



In study I, DNA sequences from a Beta vulgaris library were characterized to evaluate the usefulness of such sequences as markers in backcrossing and in comparative mapping. Since sugar beet is a crop of recent and narrow origin the variation within its breeding pool as compared with that of wild beets was of interest. This was investigated and found to be satisfactory in study II. A high-density RFLP linkage map of sugar beet was constructed in study III to create a basis for backcrossing and localisation of factors that influence important traits. In study IV, bulked segregant analysis was used to accumulate markers near a locus for resistance to beet cyst nematodes so as to generate a marker closer to the gene responsible for the trait. In study V, the inheritance of resistance to the fungal disease Cercospora leaf spot was investigated by means of QTL analysis and five factors influencing the trait were mapped. Finally, in study VI the genetic basis for the restoration of Owen cytoplasm male sterility was investigated by means of QTL analysis resulting in three mapped loci. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Runt 1750 upptäckte en tysk kemist vid namn Marggraf att det var möjligt att utvinna socker från betor. Ett par decennier senare började en av hans studenter, Archard, att selektera betor utifrån deras sockerhalt och öppnade också världens första sockerbetsfabrik år 1801. Mängden utvunnet socker per rot låg runt 4 %. Sedan dess har förädling och förbättrade jordbruksmetoder ökat mängden utvunnet socker per rot till runt 18 %. Sockerhalten är fortfarande en av de viktigaste egenskaperna, men i takt med att den samlade kunskapen och förståelsen för andra egenskaper ökar, ökar också möjligheterna till förädling för dessa egenskaper. Dagens förädlare står således inför uppgiften att försöka kombinera... (More)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Runt 1750 upptäckte en tysk kemist vid namn Marggraf att det var möjligt att utvinna socker från betor. Ett par decennier senare började en av hans studenter, Archard, att selektera betor utifrån deras sockerhalt och öppnade också världens första sockerbetsfabrik år 1801. Mängden utvunnet socker per rot låg runt 4 %. Sedan dess har förädling och förbättrade jordbruksmetoder ökat mängden utvunnet socker per rot till runt 18 %. Sockerhalten är fortfarande en av de viktigaste egenskaperna, men i takt med att den samlade kunskapen och förståelsen för andra egenskaper ökar, ökar också möjligheterna till förädling för dessa egenskaper. Dagens förädlare står således inför uppgiften att försöka kombinera många, olika, mer eller mindre komplexa egenskaper på ett optimalt sätt.



De molekylära markörteknikerna har tillfört den traditionella förädlingen ett mycket kraftfullt redskap, och de har i många fall ökat effektiviteten i urvalsprocessen. Genom att använda molekylära markörer, små spårbara bitar av arvsmassan, har det blivit möjligt att förädla med en större precision och med en större grad av kontroll över vad som verkligen händer när växter korsas. De har också gjort det möjligt att bena upp komplexa egenskaper i några av deras bidragande faktorer, samt att studera arvsmassan och relationer mellan mer eller mindre besläktade arvsmassor på ett sätt som förut inte varit möjligt.



Studierna i avhandlingen har samtliga genomförts med avseende att använda molekylära markörer i förädling av sockerbeta. De tre första studierna utgör basen för marköranvändningen i förädlingsprojekt och de följande tre studierna utgör exempel på användningsområden. I den första studien utvärderas en samling DNA-sekvenser från sockerbeta för att se hur användbara dessa skulle vara som markörer i förädlingssammanhang och för evolutionära studier. Eftersom sockerbeta är en relativt ung gröda med ett snävt ursprung, studerades och jämfördes den genetiska variationen bland förädlingslinjer med variationen bland vilda betor i den andra studien. I den tredje studien gjordes en stor RFLP-markörkarta över sockerbetans arvsmassa, vilket behövs för att kunna använda markörer i återkorsningsprojekt och för att lokalisera viktiga egenskaper. Samtidigt kopplades markörer till två resistensegenskaper. I den fjärde studien användes tekniken bulkad segregant analys för att ackumulera markörer och slutligen hitta en markör mycket nära en resistens mot sockerbetsnematoder. I den femte studien studerades den kvantitativa nedärvningen av resistens mot svampsjukdomen Cercospora för att kartera de viktigaste faktorerna som påverkar egenskapen. I den sjätte studien undersöktes slutligen den kvantitativa egenskapen för återställandet av fertilitet hos cytoplasmatiskt hansterila plantor.



Eftersom avhandlingen baseras på studier som genomförts med avseende att använda molekylära markörer i förädling av sockerbeta, ägnas en stor del av den åt att beskriva hur sockerbetor förädlas, hur molekylära markörer kan användas för att underlätta förädlingsprocessen, samt vad som bör beaktas vid användning av markörer. Då de flesta studierna baseras på RFLP-markörer beskrivs endast denna markörtyp. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Professor Andersen, Sven B., the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Växtbiokemi, Plant biochemistry, breeding, marker application, molecular markers, sugar beet
pages
128 pages
publisher
Annika Hjerdin Panagopoulos, Department of Molecular selection, Syngenta Seeds AB, Box 302, 261 23 Landskrona, Sweden or the Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University
defense location
sal D, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Getingevägen 60, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
defense date
2003-11-12 10:15:00
ISBN
91-973969-7-4
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Article: Hjerdin A., Säll T., Tuvesson S. and Hallden C. (1994). RFLP markers in the genus Beta: characterization of DNA sequences from a Beta vulgaris library. Genetica 92: 91-99. Article: Hjerdin A., Säll T., Nilsson N.-O., Bornman C. H. and Hallden C. (1994). Genetic variation among wild and cultivated beets of the section Beta as revealed by RFLP analysis. J Sugar Beet Res 31: 59-67. Article: Halldén, C., Hjerdin A., Rading I.M., Säll T., Fridlundh B., Johannisdottir G., Tuvesson S., Åkesson C. and Nilsson N.-O. (1996). A high density linkage map of sugar beet. Genome 39: 634-645. Article: Halldén C., Säll T., Olsson K., Nilsson N.-O., and Hjerdin A. (1997). The use of bulked segregant analysis to accumulate RAPD markers near a locus for beet cyst nematode resistance in Beta vulgaris. Plant Breeding 116: 18-22. Article: Nilsson, N.-O., Hansen M., Panagopoulos A.H., Tuvesson S., Eldhe M., Christiansson M., Rading I.M., Rissler M., and Kraft T. (1999). QTL analysis of Cercospora leaf spot resistance in sugar beet. Plant Breeding 118: 327-334. Article: Hjerdin-Panagopoulos A., Kraft T., Rading I. M., Tuvesson S., and Nilsson N.-O. (2002). Three QTL regions for restoration of Owen CMS in sugar beet. Crop Science 42: 540-544.
id
3ec7a737-c55c-4dd7-8057-bb840bf655d5 (old id 466285)
date added to LUP
2016-04-04 11:26:59
date last changed
2018-11-21 21:04:56
@phdthesis{3ec7a737-c55c-4dd7-8057-bb840bf655d5,
  abstract     = {{Around 1750 a German chemist discovered it to be possible to extract sugar crystals from beet juice. Since then, breeding and improved agricultural practices have increased the concentration of sucrose per root from around 4% to around 18%. Sugar content is still one of the most important characters in sugar beet breeding, but breeders of today are also faced with many more characters, many of a complex nature.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
The introduction of molecular marker techniques has added a very powerful tool to traditional breeding techniques. Through use of molecular markers it has become possible to breed with higher precision and with a higher degree of control. Molecular markers have also enabled complex traits to be dissected into some of their contributing factors.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
The studies included in the thesis have all been carried out for the purpose of finding and investigating the usefulness of molecular markers in sugar beet breeding. Large parts of the thesis is therefore concerned with describing how sugar beets are bred, how molecular markers can assist in this process and what should be taken account of in marker applications. The first three studies formed the basis for the use of markers in breeding applications, whereas the three studies thereafter are examples of marker applications.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
In study I, DNA sequences from a Beta vulgaris library were characterized to evaluate the usefulness of such sequences as markers in backcrossing and in comparative mapping. Since sugar beet is a crop of recent and narrow origin the variation within its breeding pool as compared with that of wild beets was of interest. This was investigated and found to be satisfactory in study II. A high-density RFLP linkage map of sugar beet was constructed in study III to create a basis for backcrossing and localisation of factors that influence important traits. In study IV, bulked segregant analysis was used to accumulate markers near a locus for resistance to beet cyst nematodes so as to generate a marker closer to the gene responsible for the trait. In study V, the inheritance of resistance to the fungal disease Cercospora leaf spot was investigated by means of QTL analysis and five factors influencing the trait were mapped. Finally, in study VI the genetic basis for the restoration of Owen cytoplasm male sterility was investigated by means of QTL analysis resulting in three mapped loci.}},
  author       = {{Hjerdin Panagopoulos, Annika}},
  isbn         = {{91-973969-7-4}},
  keywords     = {{Växtbiokemi; Plant biochemistry; breeding; marker application; molecular markers; sugar beet}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Annika Hjerdin Panagopoulos, Department of Molecular selection, Syngenta Seeds AB, Box 302, 261 23 Landskrona, Sweden or the Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  title        = {{Application of Molecular Markers in Sugar Beet Breeding}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/5776296/1693169.pdf}},
  year         = {{2003}},
}