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Ultrasonographic fetal soft markers in a low-risk population : Prevalence, association with trisomies and invasive tests

Åhman, Annika ; Axelsson, Ove ; Maras, Gordan ; Rubertsson, Christine LU ; Sarkadi, Anna and Lindgren, Peter (2014) In Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 93(4). p.367-373
Abstract

Objective To investigate the prevalence of soft markers identified at second trimester ultrasound in a low-risk population and the association of these markers with trisomies and invasive testing. Design Prospective observational study. Setting Swedish University Hospital. Population All women with fetuses examined by ultrasound at 15+0-22+0 weeks gestation between July 2008 and March 2011. Methods Cases with soft markers were compared with non-cases with regard to trisomies and invasive testing. Main outcome measures Prevalence of soft markers, likelihood ratio for trisomies and risk ratio for invasive tests after detection of soft markers. Results Second trimester ultrasound was performed on 10 710 fetuses.... (More)

Objective To investigate the prevalence of soft markers identified at second trimester ultrasound in a low-risk population and the association of these markers with trisomies and invasive testing. Design Prospective observational study. Setting Swedish University Hospital. Population All women with fetuses examined by ultrasound at 15+0-22+0 weeks gestation between July 2008 and March 2011. Methods Cases with soft markers were compared with non-cases with regard to trisomies and invasive testing. Main outcome measures Prevalence of soft markers, likelihood ratio for trisomies and risk ratio for invasive tests after detection of soft markers. Results Second trimester ultrasound was performed on 10 710 fetuses. Markers were detected in 5.9% of fetuses. 5.1% were isolated, 0.7% were multiple and 0.1% were combined with an anomaly. Presence of markers showed a positive likelihood ratio for Down syndrome, but the association (likelihood ratio = 7.1) was only statistically significant for the combined category of any marker (isolated, multiple or combined with anomaly). The risk ratio for invasive testing after the second trimester ultrasound was 24.0 in pregnancies with isolated soft markers compared with those without markers. Conclusion In a low-risk population, soft markers were found in 5.9% of fetuses at second trimester ultrasound. The likelihood ratio for Down syndrome was significant only for any marker (isolated, multiple or combined with anomaly). The presence of soft markers increased the incidence of invasive procedures substantially. Soft markers should be noted when information on second trimester ultrasound is formulated, and all units performing fetal ultrasound examinations should have established routines concerning information management when soft markers are identified.

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author
; ; ; ; and
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
keywords
aneuploidy, Pregnancy, prenatal diagnosis, second trimester, ultrasonography
in
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
volume
93
issue
4
pages
7 pages
publisher
Wiley-Blackwell
external identifiers
  • scopus:84897109686
  • pmid:24433283
ISSN
0001-6349
DOI
10.1111/aogs.12334
language
English
LU publication?
no
id
41505895-8834-46c9-9507-f25fed804ca0
date added to LUP
2017-10-27 13:55:54
date last changed
2024-06-24 02:58:36
@article{41505895-8834-46c9-9507-f25fed804ca0,
  abstract     = {{<p>Objective To investigate the prevalence of soft markers identified at second trimester ultrasound in a low-risk population and the association of these markers with trisomies and invasive testing. Design Prospective observational study. Setting Swedish University Hospital. Population All women with fetuses examined by ultrasound at 15<sup>+0</sup>-22<sup>+0</sup> weeks gestation between July 2008 and March 2011. Methods Cases with soft markers were compared with non-cases with regard to trisomies and invasive testing. Main outcome measures Prevalence of soft markers, likelihood ratio for trisomies and risk ratio for invasive tests after detection of soft markers. Results Second trimester ultrasound was performed on 10 710 fetuses. Markers were detected in 5.9% of fetuses. 5.1% were isolated, 0.7% were multiple and 0.1% were combined with an anomaly. Presence of markers showed a positive likelihood ratio for Down syndrome, but the association (likelihood ratio = 7.1) was only statistically significant for the combined category of any marker (isolated, multiple or combined with anomaly). The risk ratio for invasive testing after the second trimester ultrasound was 24.0 in pregnancies with isolated soft markers compared with those without markers. Conclusion In a low-risk population, soft markers were found in 5.9% of fetuses at second trimester ultrasound. The likelihood ratio for Down syndrome was significant only for any marker (isolated, multiple or combined with anomaly). The presence of soft markers increased the incidence of invasive procedures substantially. Soft markers should be noted when information on second trimester ultrasound is formulated, and all units performing fetal ultrasound examinations should have established routines concerning information management when soft markers are identified.</p>}},
  author       = {{Åhman, Annika and Axelsson, Ove and Maras, Gordan and Rubertsson, Christine and Sarkadi, Anna and Lindgren, Peter}},
  issn         = {{0001-6349}},
  keywords     = {{aneuploidy; Pregnancy; prenatal diagnosis; second trimester; ultrasonography}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{367--373}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley-Blackwell}},
  series       = {{Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica}},
  title        = {{Ultrasonographic fetal soft markers in a low-risk population : Prevalence, association with trisomies and invasive tests}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aogs.12334}},
  doi          = {{10.1111/aogs.12334}},
  volume       = {{93}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}