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Manifestation of relativistic effects in the chemical properties of nihonium and moscovium revealed by gas chromatography studies

Yakushev, A. ; Khuyagbaatar, J. ; Düllmann, Ch. E. ; Block, M. ; Cantemir, R. A. ; Cox, D. M. LU ; Dietzel, D. ; Giacoppo, F. ; Hrabar, Y. LU orcid and Iliaš, M. , et al. (2024) In Frontiers in Chemistry 12.
Abstract

Chemical reactivity of the superheavy elements nihonium (Nh, element 113) and moscovium (Mc, element 115) has been studied by the gas-solid chromatography method using a new combined chromatography and detection setup. The Mc isotope, 288Mc, was produced in the nuclear fusion reaction of 48Ca ions with 243Am targets at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum Darmstadt, Germany. After isolating 288Mc ions in the gas-filled separator TASCA, adsorption of 288Mc and its decay product 284Nh on silicon oxide and gold surfaces was investigated. As a result of this work, the values of the adsorption enthalpy of Nh and Mc on the silicon oxide surface were determined for the first time,... (More)

Chemical reactivity of the superheavy elements nihonium (Nh, element 113) and moscovium (Mc, element 115) has been studied by the gas-solid chromatography method using a new combined chromatography and detection setup. The Mc isotope, 288Mc, was produced in the nuclear fusion reaction of 48Ca ions with 243Am targets at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum Darmstadt, Germany. After isolating 288Mc ions in the gas-filled separator TASCA, adsorption of 288Mc and its decay product 284Nh on silicon oxide and gold surfaces was investigated. As a result of this work, the values of the adsorption enthalpy of Nh and Mc on the silicon oxide surface were determined for the first time, −∆HadsSiO2(Mc)=54−5+11 kJ/mol and −∆HadsSiO2(Nh)=58−3+8 kJ/mol (68% c.i.). The obtained −ΔHads values are in good agreement with results of advanced relativistic calculations. Both elements, Nh and Mc, were shown to interact more weakly with the silicon oxide surface than their lighter homologues Tl and Bi, respectively. However, Nh and Mc turned out to be more reactive than the neighbouring closed-shell and quasi-closed-shell elements copernicium (Cn, element 112) and flerovium (Fl, element 114), respectively. The established trend is explained by the influence of strong relativistic effects on the valence atomic orbitals of these elements.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
superheavy elements chemistry, gas phase chromatography, recoil separators, element 113-nihonium, element 115-moscovium
in
Frontiers in Chemistry
volume
12
article number
1474820
pages
13 pages
publisher
Frontiers Media S. A.
ISSN
2296-2646
DOI
10.3389/fchem.2024.1474820
project
Characterization of New Superheavy Elements
Nuclear Structure at the Limits: Isotope-selective Spectroscopy
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
4319adfa-cd0b-409b-a3f1-29bada36f79b
date added to LUP
2024-09-23 14:11:25
date last changed
2024-09-26 08:28:35
@article{4319adfa-cd0b-409b-a3f1-29bada36f79b,
  abstract     = {{<p>Chemical reactivity of the superheavy elements nihonium (Nh, element 113) and moscovium (Mc, element 115) has been studied by the gas-solid chromatography method using a new combined chromatography and detection setup. The Mc isotope, <sup>288</sup>Mc, was produced in the nuclear fusion reaction of <sup>48</sup>Ca ions with <sup>243</sup>Am targets at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum Darmstadt, Germany. After isolating <sup>288</sup>Mc ions in the gas-filled separator TASCA, adsorption of <sup>288</sup>Mc and its decay product <sup>284</sup>Nh on silicon oxide and gold surfaces was investigated. As a result of this work, the values of the adsorption enthalpy of Nh and Mc on the silicon oxide surface were determined for the first time, −∆H<sub>ads</sub><sup>SiO2</sup>(Mc)=54<sub>−5</sub><sup>+11</sup> kJ/mol and −∆H<sub>ads</sub><sup>SiO2</sup>(Nh)=58<sub>−3</sub><sup>+8</sup> kJ/mol (68% c.i.). The obtained −ΔH<sub>ads</sub> values are in good agreement with results of advanced relativistic calculations. Both elements, Nh and Mc, were shown to interact more weakly with the silicon oxide surface than their lighter homologues Tl and Bi, respectively. However, Nh and Mc turned out to be more reactive than the neighbouring closed-shell and quasi-closed-shell elements copernicium (Cn, element 112) and flerovium (Fl, element 114), respectively. The established trend is explained by the influence of strong relativistic effects on the valence atomic orbitals of these elements.</p>}},
  author       = {{Yakushev, A. and Khuyagbaatar, J. and Düllmann, Ch. E. and Block, M. and Cantemir, R. A. and Cox, D. M. and Dietzel, D. and Giacoppo, F. and Hrabar, Y. and Iliaš, M. and Jäger, E. and Krier, J. and Krupp, D. and Kurz, N. and Lens, L. and Löchner, S. and Mokry, Ch. and Mošať, P. and Pershina, V. and Raeder, S. and Rudolph, D. and Runke, J. and Sarmiento, L. G. and Schausten, B. and Scherer, U. and Thörle-Pospiech, P. and Trautmann, N. and Wegrzecki, M. and Wieczorek, P.}},
  issn         = {{2296-2646}},
  keywords     = {{superheavy elements chemistry; gas phase chromatography; recoil separators; element 113-nihonium; element 115-moscovium}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{09}},
  publisher    = {{Frontiers Media S. A.}},
  series       = {{Frontiers in Chemistry}},
  title        = {{Manifestation of relativistic effects in the chemical properties of nihonium and moscovium revealed by gas chromatography studies}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2024.1474820}},
  doi          = {{10.3389/fchem.2024.1474820}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}