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Low-level cadmium exposure and osteoporosis

Alfvén, Tobias ; Elinder, Carl-Gustaf ; Carlsson, Margareta Dea ; Grubb, Anders LU orcid ; Hellström, Lennart ; Persson, Bodil ; Pettersson, Conny ; Spång, Gunnar ; Schütz, Andrejs LU and Järup, Lars (2000) In Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 15(8). p.1579-1586
Abstract

Osteoporosis is a major cause of morbidity worldwide. A number of risk factors, such as age and gender, are well established. High cadmium exposure causes renal damage and in severe cases also causes osteoporosis and osteomalacia. We have examined whether long-term low-level cadmium exposure increases the risk of osteoporosis. Bone mineral density (BMD) in the forearm was measured in 520 men and 544 women, aged 16-81 years, environmentally or occupationally exposed to cadmium, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) technique. Cadmium in urine was used as the dose estimate and protein HC was used as a marker of renal tubular damage. There was a clear dose-response relation between cadmium dose and the prevalence of tubular... (More)

Osteoporosis is a major cause of morbidity worldwide. A number of risk factors, such as age and gender, are well established. High cadmium exposure causes renal damage and in severe cases also causes osteoporosis and osteomalacia. We have examined whether long-term low-level cadmium exposure increases the risk of osteoporosis. Bone mineral density (BMD) in the forearm was measured in 520 men and 544 women, aged 16-81 years, environmentally or occupationally exposed to cadmium, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) technique. Cadmium in urine was used as the dose estimate and protein HC was used as a marker of renal tubular damage. There was a clear dose-response relation between cadmium dose and the prevalence of tubular proteinuria. Inverse relations were found between cadmium dose, tubular proteinuria, and BMD, particularly apparent in persons over 60 years of age. There was a dose-response relation between cadmium dose and osteoporosis. The odds ratios (ORs) for men were 2.2 (95% CI, 1.0-4.8) in the dose group 0.5-3 nmol Cd/mmol creatinine and 5.3 (2.0-14) in the highest dose category (> or = 3 nmol/mmol creatinine) compared with the lowest dose group (< 0.5 nmol Cd/mmol creatinine). For women, the OR was 1.8 (0.65-5.3) in the dose group 0.5-3 nmol Cd/mmol creatinine. We conclude that exposure to low levels of cadmium is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis.

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author
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; and
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
keywords
Absorptiometry, Photon/methods, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alpha-Globulins/urine, Bone Density, Cadmium/urine, Environmental Exposure/adverse effects, Female, Forearm/physiopathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Osteoporosis/physiopathology, Sex Factors
in
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
volume
15
issue
8
pages
1579 - 1586
publisher
Wiley-Blackwell
external identifiers
  • pmid:10934657
  • scopus:0033942831
ISSN
0884-0431
DOI
10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.8.1579
language
English
LU publication?
no
id
46145f1e-9708-45ce-b5ab-14cf6a2515e1
date added to LUP
2021-11-02 13:44:12
date last changed
2024-11-16 17:24:05
@article{46145f1e-9708-45ce-b5ab-14cf6a2515e1,
  abstract     = {{<p>Osteoporosis is a major cause of morbidity worldwide. A number of risk factors, such as age and gender, are well established. High cadmium exposure causes renal damage and in severe cases also causes osteoporosis and osteomalacia. We have examined whether long-term low-level cadmium exposure increases the risk of osteoporosis. Bone mineral density (BMD) in the forearm was measured in 520 men and 544 women, aged 16-81 years, environmentally or occupationally exposed to cadmium, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) technique. Cadmium in urine was used as the dose estimate and protein HC was used as a marker of renal tubular damage. There was a clear dose-response relation between cadmium dose and the prevalence of tubular proteinuria. Inverse relations were found between cadmium dose, tubular proteinuria, and BMD, particularly apparent in persons over 60 years of age. There was a dose-response relation between cadmium dose and osteoporosis. The odds ratios (ORs) for men were 2.2 (95% CI, 1.0-4.8) in the dose group 0.5-3 nmol Cd/mmol creatinine and 5.3 (2.0-14) in the highest dose category (&gt; or = 3 nmol/mmol creatinine) compared with the lowest dose group (&lt; 0.5 nmol Cd/mmol creatinine). For women, the OR was 1.8 (0.65-5.3) in the dose group 0.5-3 nmol Cd/mmol creatinine. We conclude that exposure to low levels of cadmium is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis.</p>}},
  author       = {{Alfvén, Tobias and Elinder, Carl-Gustaf and Carlsson, Margareta Dea and Grubb, Anders and Hellström, Lennart and Persson, Bodil and Pettersson, Conny and Spång, Gunnar and Schütz, Andrejs and Järup, Lars}},
  issn         = {{0884-0431}},
  keywords     = {{Absorptiometry, Photon/methods; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alpha-Globulins/urine; Bone Density; Cadmium/urine; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects; Female; Forearm/physiopathology; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis/physiopathology; Sex Factors}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{8}},
  pages        = {{1579--1586}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley-Blackwell}},
  series       = {{Journal of Bone and Mineral Research}},
  title        = {{Low-level cadmium exposure and osteoporosis}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.8.1579}},
  doi          = {{10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.8.1579}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2000}},
}