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Selenium Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Bovine Milk. Studies on Glutathione Peroxidase, Bioavailability and Electrochemical Techniques

Chen, Jun LU (2002)
Abstract
The efficacy and function of antioxidants have been intensively studied in foods and other biological systems in recent decades. This thesis concerns different aspects of the antioxidant properties of bovine milk, with emphasis on measurement of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the activity of the selenium-containing glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and the bioavailability of selenium from bovine milk in humans. The TAC measurements were based on the scavenging of the cation radical of 2,2?-azinobis(3-ethylenebenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (the ABTS method), the reduction of the complex of ferric ion and 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (the FRAP method), or the amperometric signal registered at a glassy carbon electrode at an oxidation... (More)
The efficacy and function of antioxidants have been intensively studied in foods and other biological systems in recent decades. This thesis concerns different aspects of the antioxidant properties of bovine milk, with emphasis on measurement of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the activity of the selenium-containing glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and the bioavailability of selenium from bovine milk in humans. The TAC measurements were based on the scavenging of the cation radical of 2,2?-azinobis(3-ethylenebenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (the ABTS method), the reduction of the complex of ferric ion and 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (the FRAP method), or the amperometric signal registered at a glassy carbon electrode at an oxidation potential of +700 mV (versus AgôAgCl) in a flow-injection assay (the FIAmp method). Milk, whey, high-molecular-weight (HMW, >10 kDa) fraction and low-molecular-weight (LMW, <10 kDa) fraction of whey were all found to have antioxidant capacity. High correlations were found for the TAC values in the LMW fraction as detected by the three methods (R2 > 0.8, P< 0.001). The major antioxidant in the LMW fraction was identified as urate by specific enzyme treatment. Other electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating disk electrode (RDE) linear sweep voltammetry were also employed to characterise the antioxidant capacity in milk. Extracellular glutathione peroxidase (eGSHPx) is one of the antioxidant enzymes in bovine milk, and a coupled enzymatic assay has been optimised for measuring its activity. The activity of GSHPx was monitored during heat treatment of milk and whey. The activity of GHSPx in milk and whey was maintained at 72°C for 2 min, implying that the enzyme was stable at this common pasteurisation temperature used in dairy industry. The activity of purified cellular glutathione peroxidase (cGSHPx) was less stable than that of purified eGSHPx, and both purified enzymes were less stable than the GSHPx activity in milk. Selenium is an integral part of GSHPx, as well as of other selenoproteins with redox enzymatic activities and it is probably also related to the antioxidant status in humans. Therefore, the bioavailability of selenium from bovine milk was studied in humans using the ileostomy model. It was found that the fractional absorption of selenium was significantly higher for milk than for fermented milk, 73.3 (16.1) versus 64.1 (11.2) %, mean (SD), and selenium from bovine milk was thus highly bioavailable to humans. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Professor Wasowicz, Wojciech, Lodz, Poland
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
General biomedical sciences, Biomedicinska vetenskaper (allmänt), Kemiteknik och kemisk teknologi, Chemical technology and engineering, Livsmedelsteknik, Food and drink technology, amperometry, voltammetry, antioxidant capacity, ileostomy, bioavailability, glutathione peroxidase, bovine milk, selenium
pages
124 pages
publisher
Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University
defense location
Hall B, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
defense date
2002-04-04 14:00:00
ISBN
91-628-5163-2
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Article: IChen J, Lindmark-Månsson H and Åkesson BOptimisation of a Coupled Enzymatic Assay of Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Bovine Milk and WheyInternational Dairy Journal, 10, 347-351 (2000) Article: IILindmark-Månsson H, Chen J, Paulsson M, Aldén G, Ren B, Ladenstein R and Åkesson BThe Effect of Storage and Heat Treatment on Glutathione Peroxidase in Bovine Milk and WheyInternational Dairy Journal, 11, 71-81 (2001) Article: IIIChen J, Gorton L and Åkesson BElectrochemical Studies on Antioxidants in Bovine Milk(Submitted for publication) Article: IVChen J, Lindmark-Månsson H, Gorton L and Åkesson BAntioxidant Capacity of Bovine Milk as Assayed by Spectrophotometric and Amperometric Methods(Submitted for publication) Article: VChen J, Lindmark-Månsson H, Drevelius M, Tidehag P, Hallmans G, Hertervig E, Nilsson Å and Åkesson BBioavailability of Selenium from Bovine Milk as Assessed in Subjects with Ileostomy(Manuscript)
id
1dd75d09-cbe2-4e34-8c9d-6a12f83a731a (old id 464492)
date added to LUP
2016-04-04 10:00:39
date last changed
2020-01-17 15:38:54
@phdthesis{1dd75d09-cbe2-4e34-8c9d-6a12f83a731a,
  abstract     = {{The efficacy and function of antioxidants have been intensively studied in foods and other biological systems in recent decades. This thesis concerns different aspects of the antioxidant properties of bovine milk, with emphasis on measurement of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the activity of the selenium-containing glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and the bioavailability of selenium from bovine milk in humans. The TAC measurements were based on the scavenging of the cation radical of 2,2?-azinobis(3-ethylenebenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (the ABTS method), the reduction of the complex of ferric ion and 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (the FRAP method), or the amperometric signal registered at a glassy carbon electrode at an oxidation potential of +700 mV (versus AgôAgCl) in a flow-injection assay (the FIAmp method). Milk, whey, high-molecular-weight (HMW, &gt;10 kDa) fraction and low-molecular-weight (LMW, &lt;10 kDa) fraction of whey were all found to have antioxidant capacity. High correlations were found for the TAC values in the LMW fraction as detected by the three methods (R2 &gt; 0.8, P&lt; 0.001). The major antioxidant in the LMW fraction was identified as urate by specific enzyme treatment. Other electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating disk electrode (RDE) linear sweep voltammetry were also employed to characterise the antioxidant capacity in milk. Extracellular glutathione peroxidase (eGSHPx) is one of the antioxidant enzymes in bovine milk, and a coupled enzymatic assay has been optimised for measuring its activity. The activity of GSHPx was monitored during heat treatment of milk and whey. The activity of GHSPx in milk and whey was maintained at 72°C for 2 min, implying that the enzyme was stable at this common pasteurisation temperature used in dairy industry. The activity of purified cellular glutathione peroxidase (cGSHPx) was less stable than that of purified eGSHPx, and both purified enzymes were less stable than the GSHPx activity in milk. Selenium is an integral part of GSHPx, as well as of other selenoproteins with redox enzymatic activities and it is probably also related to the antioxidant status in humans. Therefore, the bioavailability of selenium from bovine milk was studied in humans using the ileostomy model. It was found that the fractional absorption of selenium was significantly higher for milk than for fermented milk, 73.3 (16.1) versus 64.1 (11.2) %, mean (SD), and selenium from bovine milk was thus highly bioavailable to humans.}},
  author       = {{Chen, Jun}},
  isbn         = {{91-628-5163-2}},
  keywords     = {{General biomedical sciences; Biomedicinska vetenskaper (allmänt); Kemiteknik och kemisk teknologi; Chemical technology and engineering; Livsmedelsteknik; Food and drink technology; amperometry; voltammetry; antioxidant capacity; ileostomy; bioavailability; glutathione peroxidase; bovine milk; selenium}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  title        = {{Selenium Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Bovine Milk. Studies on Glutathione Peroxidase, Bioavailability and Electrochemical Techniques}},
  year         = {{2002}},
}