Low-Protein Formulas with Alpha-Lactalbumin-Enriched or Glycomacropeptide-Reduced Whey : Effects on Growth, Nutrient Intake and Protein Metabolism during Early Infancy: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Controlled Trial
(2023) In Nutrients 15(4).- Abstract
Protein intake is higher in formula-fed than in breast-fed infants during infancy, which may lead to an increased risk of being overweight. Applying alpha-lactalbumin (α-lac)-enriched whey or casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP)-reduced whey to infant formula may enable further reduction of formula protein by improving the amino acid profile. Growth, nutrient intake, and protein metabolites were evaluated in a randomized, prospective, double-blinded intervention trial where term infants received standard formula (SF:2.2 g protein/100 kcal; n = 83) or low-protein formulas with α-lac-enriched whey (α-lac-EW;1.75 g protein/100 kcal; n = 82) or CGMP-reduced whey (CGMP-RW;1.76 g protein/100 kcal; n = 80) from 2 to 6 months. Breast-fed infants... (More)
Protein intake is higher in formula-fed than in breast-fed infants during infancy, which may lead to an increased risk of being overweight. Applying alpha-lactalbumin (α-lac)-enriched whey or casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP)-reduced whey to infant formula may enable further reduction of formula protein by improving the amino acid profile. Growth, nutrient intake, and protein metabolites were evaluated in a randomized, prospective, double-blinded intervention trial where term infants received standard formula (SF:2.2 g protein/100 kcal; n = 83) or low-protein formulas with α-lac-enriched whey (α-lac-EW;1.75 g protein/100 kcal; n = 82) or CGMP-reduced whey (CGMP-RW;1.76 g protein/100 kcal; n = 80) from 2 to 6 months. Breast-fed infants (BF; n = 83) served as reference. Except between 4 and 6 months, when weight gain did not differ between α-lac-EW and BF (p = 0.16), weight gain was higher in all formula groups compared to BF. Blood urea nitrogen did not differ between low-protein formula groups and BF during intervention, but was lower than in SF. Essential amino acids were similar or higher in α-lac-EW and CGMP-RW compared to BF. Conclusion: Low-protein formulas enriched with α-lac-enriched or CGMP-reduced whey supports adequate growth, with more similar weight gain in α-lac-enriched formula group and BF, and with metabolic profiles closer to that of BF infants.
(Less)
- author
- Tinghäll Nilsson, Ulrika LU ; Hernell, Olle ; Lönnerdal, Bo ; Hartvigsen, Merete Lindberg ; Jacobsen, Lotte Neergaard ; Kvistgaard, Anne Staudt and Karlsland Åkeson, Pia LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2023
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- alpha-lactalbumin, amino acids, CGMP, energetic efficiency, infant formula, infant growth, low protein, obesity, protein metabolism, protein quality
- in
- Nutrients
- volume
- 15
- issue
- 4
- article number
- 1010
- publisher
- MDPI AG
- external identifiers
-
- pmid:36839368
- scopus:85148898752
- ISSN
- 2072-6643
- DOI
- 10.3390/nu15041010
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 480b4023-dfab-4df9-8ccf-ac4fd65b2261
- date added to LUP
- 2023-03-21 10:42:59
- date last changed
- 2024-04-18 19:30:32
@article{480b4023-dfab-4df9-8ccf-ac4fd65b2261,
abstract = {{<p>Protein intake is higher in formula-fed than in breast-fed infants during infancy, which may lead to an increased risk of being overweight. Applying alpha-lactalbumin (α-lac)-enriched whey or casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP)-reduced whey to infant formula may enable further reduction of formula protein by improving the amino acid profile. Growth, nutrient intake, and protein metabolites were evaluated in a randomized, prospective, double-blinded intervention trial where term infants received standard formula (SF:2.2 g protein/100 kcal; n = 83) or low-protein formulas with α-lac-enriched whey (α-lac-EW;1.75 g protein/100 kcal; n = 82) or CGMP-reduced whey (CGMP-RW;1.76 g protein/100 kcal; n = 80) from 2 to 6 months. Breast-fed infants (BF; n = 83) served as reference. Except between 4 and 6 months, when weight gain did not differ between α-lac-EW and BF (p = 0.16), weight gain was higher in all formula groups compared to BF. Blood urea nitrogen did not differ between low-protein formula groups and BF during intervention, but was lower than in SF. Essential amino acids were similar or higher in α-lac-EW and CGMP-RW compared to BF. Conclusion: Low-protein formulas enriched with α-lac-enriched or CGMP-reduced whey supports adequate growth, with more similar weight gain in α-lac-enriched formula group and BF, and with metabolic profiles closer to that of BF infants.</p>}},
author = {{Tinghäll Nilsson, Ulrika and Hernell, Olle and Lönnerdal, Bo and Hartvigsen, Merete Lindberg and Jacobsen, Lotte Neergaard and Kvistgaard, Anne Staudt and Karlsland Åkeson, Pia}},
issn = {{2072-6643}},
keywords = {{alpha-lactalbumin; amino acids; CGMP; energetic efficiency; infant formula; infant growth; low protein; obesity; protein metabolism; protein quality}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{4}},
publisher = {{MDPI AG}},
series = {{Nutrients}},
title = {{Low-Protein Formulas with Alpha-Lactalbumin-Enriched or Glycomacropeptide-Reduced Whey : Effects on Growth, Nutrient Intake and Protein Metabolism during Early Infancy: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Controlled Trial}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15041010}},
doi = {{10.3390/nu15041010}},
volume = {{15}},
year = {{2023}},
}