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Direct in vivo measurement of glycine and the neurochemical profile in the rat medulla oblongata

Xin, Lijing ; Gambarota, Giulio ; Duarte, João M N LU orcid ; Mlynárik, Vladimír and Gruetter, Rolf (2010) In NMR in Biomedicine 23(9). p.102-1097
Abstract

The medulla oblongata (MO) contains a high density of glycinergic synapses and a particularly high concentration of glycine. The aims of this study were to measure directly in vivo the neurochemical profile, including glycine, in MO using a spin-echo-based (1)H MRS sequence at TE = 2.8 ms and to compare it with three other brain regions (cortex, striatum and hippocampus) in the rat. Glycine was quantified in MO at TE = 2.8 ms with a Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of approximately 5%. As a result of the relatively low level of glycine in the other three regions, the measurement of glycine was performed at TE = 20 ms, which provides a favorable J-modulation of overlapping myo-inositol resonance. The other 14 metabolites composing the... (More)

The medulla oblongata (MO) contains a high density of glycinergic synapses and a particularly high concentration of glycine. The aims of this study were to measure directly in vivo the neurochemical profile, including glycine, in MO using a spin-echo-based (1)H MRS sequence at TE = 2.8 ms and to compare it with three other brain regions (cortex, striatum and hippocampus) in the rat. Glycine was quantified in MO at TE = 2.8 ms with a Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of approximately 5%. As a result of the relatively low level of glycine in the other three regions, the measurement of glycine was performed at TE = 20 ms, which provides a favorable J-modulation of overlapping myo-inositol resonance. The other 14 metabolites composing the neurochemical profile were quantified in vivo in MO with CRLBs below 25%. Absolute concentrations of metabolites in MO, such as glutamate, glutamine, γ-aminobutyrate, taurine and glycine, were in the range of previous in vitro quantifications in tissue extracts. Compared with the other regions, MO had a three-fold higher glycine concentration, and was characterised by reduced (p < 0.001) concentrations of glutamate (-50 ± 4%), glutamine (-54 ± 3%) and taurine (-78 ± 3%). This study suggests that the functional specialisation of distinct brain regions is reflected in the neurochemical profile.

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author
; ; ; and
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
keywords
Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Corpus Striatum, Glycine, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Medulla Oblongata, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
in
NMR in Biomedicine
volume
23
issue
9
pages
102 - 1097
publisher
John Wiley & Sons Inc.
external identifiers
  • pmid:20963803
  • scopus:79251514306
ISSN
0952-3480
DOI
10.1002/nbm.1537
language
English
LU publication?
no
id
48a88c15-718f-4694-b3fe-5eb8d1cbe164
date added to LUP
2017-10-19 15:19:59
date last changed
2024-04-28 21:57:59
@article{48a88c15-718f-4694-b3fe-5eb8d1cbe164,
  abstract     = {{<p>The medulla oblongata (MO) contains a high density of glycinergic synapses and a particularly high concentration of glycine. The aims of this study were to measure directly in vivo the neurochemical profile, including glycine, in MO using a spin-echo-based (1)H MRS sequence at TE = 2.8 ms and to compare it with three other brain regions (cortex, striatum and hippocampus) in the rat. Glycine was quantified in MO at TE = 2.8 ms with a Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of approximately 5%. As a result of the relatively low level of glycine in the other three regions, the measurement of glycine was performed at TE = 20 ms, which provides a favorable J-modulation of overlapping myo-inositol resonance. The other 14 metabolites composing the neurochemical profile were quantified in vivo in MO with CRLBs below 25%. Absolute concentrations of metabolites in MO, such as glutamate, glutamine, γ-aminobutyrate, taurine and glycine, were in the range of previous in vitro quantifications in tissue extracts. Compared with the other regions, MO had a three-fold higher glycine concentration, and was characterised by reduced (p &lt; 0.001) concentrations of glutamate (-50 ± 4%), glutamine (-54 ± 3%) and taurine (-78 ± 3%). This study suggests that the functional specialisation of distinct brain regions is reflected in the neurochemical profile.</p>}},
  author       = {{Xin, Lijing and Gambarota, Giulio and Duarte, João M N and Mlynárik, Vladimír and Gruetter, Rolf}},
  issn         = {{0952-3480}},
  keywords     = {{Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Glycine; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Medulla Oblongata; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{9}},
  pages        = {{102--1097}},
  publisher    = {{John Wiley & Sons Inc.}},
  series       = {{NMR in Biomedicine}},
  title        = {{Direct in vivo measurement of glycine and the neurochemical profile in the rat medulla oblongata}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1537}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/nbm.1537}},
  volume       = {{23}},
  year         = {{2010}},
}