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Harmonisation of 3D geodata : a prerequisite for a digital information flow for applications in the planning and building sector

Eriksson, Helen LU (2020)
Abstract
Data harmonisation is a prerequisite for smart cities, for a more efficient information flow in the planning and building process and for many applications in the urban environment. Ideally, data harmonisation will result in a digital information flow that include information from the whole lifecycle of a feature, for example for buildings, roads and tunnels. All actors and applications involved in this process should be able to retrieve the information they require. This in turn contributes among others to the development of more sustainable cities and to reduce the shortage of housing, which is an issue in many urban areas around the world. There are still many obstacles to overcome before such well-functioning digital information flow... (More)
Data harmonisation is a prerequisite for smart cities, for a more efficient information flow in the planning and building process and for many applications in the urban environment. Ideally, data harmonisation will result in a digital information flow that include information from the whole lifecycle of a feature, for example for buildings, roads and tunnels. All actors and applications involved in this process should be able to retrieve the information they require. This in turn contributes among others to the development of more sustainable cities and to reduce the shortage of housing, which is an issue in many urban areas around the world. There are still many obstacles to overcome before such well-functioning digital information flow can be achieved. In this thesis harmonisation of geographic data is studied from different technical perspectives, that is data harmonisation between geographic levels, between hierarchic structures, and over time.
Standards for geographic data often focuses primarily on a certain geographic level. Examples of this are the INSPIRE directive with the main focus on cross-border applications at a European level; and the Swedish water system standard that has a national focus. That is, there are no harmonisation between the geographic levels. In Paper I we extended the INSPIRE specification for hydrography with all additional information in the Swedish water system standard to evaluate if this would achieve a more harmonised information exchange between geographic levels from both a user and a data provider perspective.
Papers II – VI have a focus on 3D building information in the planning and building process and on how the digital information flow within this process can be improved for urban environment applications. 3D building information is an important part of this process and much would be gained if digital standardised information is easily available throughout the lifecycle of the building. In Paper II we evaluated the consequences of having similar but not identical definitions in standards that are related. In Paper III we created and evaluated whether guidelines could contribute to a more uniform creation of datasets, regardless of which data source is used. Paper IV is devoted to a proposal to a national building standard. It is based on national requirements and international standards and an evaluation is performed to see if this could contribute to a more uniform management of 3D city models within a country. Paper V evaluated if currently available versioning methods for 3D city models can fulfil requirements from applications in the planning and building process, and if all versioning methods are suitable for all purposes. Finally, in Paper VI we evaluated what is required and what are the issues that must be solved before versioning methods for 3D city models are used in practice, as versioning methods currently are available, but are rarely used.
To conclude, this thesis has described, developed and evaluated how harmonisation of geographic data can improve the digital information flow. The main focus was on 3D building information in the planning and building process, but most of the findings are also applicable on other types of information, especially on 3D city models and on other man-made themes such as roads, tunnels and bridges. The results give an increased understanding about issues that must be solved to achieve an efficient digital flow of geographic information. It also points out the importance of performing detailed requirements analyses on application needs before implementation and that the usage of guidelines can contribute to a more streamlined usage of standards.
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Abstract (Swedish)
Dataharmonisering är en förutsättning för smarta städer, för ett mer effektivt informationsflöde i samhällsbyggnadsprocessen och för många andra tillämpningar i en stadsmiljö. Vid ett bästa tänkbart scenario kommer dataharmonisering att resultera i ett digitalt informationsflöde som inkluderar information från ett objekts hela livscykel, till exempel för byggnader, vägar och tunnlar. Alla aktörer och applikationer som är involverade i denna process ska då kunna hämta den information som de behöver. Detta bidrar i sin tur bland annat till utvecklingen av mer hållbara städer och till att minska bristen på bostäder, vilket är ett problem i många städer runt om i världen. Det finns dock fortfarande många hinder att övervinna för att kunna... (More)
Dataharmonisering är en förutsättning för smarta städer, för ett mer effektivt informationsflöde i samhällsbyggnadsprocessen och för många andra tillämpningar i en stadsmiljö. Vid ett bästa tänkbart scenario kommer dataharmonisering att resultera i ett digitalt informationsflöde som inkluderar information från ett objekts hela livscykel, till exempel för byggnader, vägar och tunnlar. Alla aktörer och applikationer som är involverade i denna process ska då kunna hämta den information som de behöver. Detta bidrar i sin tur bland annat till utvecklingen av mer hållbara städer och till att minska bristen på bostäder, vilket är ett problem i många städer runt om i världen. Det finns dock fortfarande många hinder att övervinna för att kunna uppnå ett sådant välfungerande digitalt informationsflöde. Denna avhandling studerar harmonisering av geografiska data från olika tekniska perspektiv, det vill säga dataharmonisering mellan geografiska nivåer, mellan hierarkiska strukturer och över tid.
Standarder för geografiska data fokuserar ofta främst på en viss geografisk nivå. Exempel på detta är INSPIRE-direktivet med huvudfokus på tillämpningar som berör flera länder på en europeisk nivå, och den svenska vattensystemstandarden som har ett nationellt fokus. Det vill säga det finns ingen harmonisering mellan de geografiska nivåerna. I den första artikeln (Paper I) utökade vi INSPIRE-specifikationen för hydrografi med all ytterligare information som finns i den svenska vattensystemstandarden för att utvärdera om vi i och med detta skulle uppnå ett mer harmoniserat informationsutbyte mellan geografiska nivåer ur både ett användar- och ett dataleverantörsperspektiv.
Artiklarna två till sex (Paper II – VI) fokuserar på den 3D-byggnadsinformation som används inom samhällsbyggnadsprocessen samt på hur det digitala informationsflödet inom denna process kan förbättras för tillämpningar inom detta område. 3D-byggnadsinformation är en viktig del av denna process och mycket skulle förbättras om digital standardiserad information är lättillgänglig under byggnadens hela livscykel. I artikel två (Paper II) utvärderade vi konsekvenserna av att ha liknande men inte identiska definitioner i olika relaterade standarder. I artikel tre (Paper III) skapade och utvärderade vi om riktlinjer kan bidra till att datamängder kan skapas på ett mer enhetligt sätt, oberoende av vilken datakälla som används. Artikel fyra (Paper IV) beskriver ett förslag till en nationell byggnadsstandard. Den baseras både på nationella krav och på internationella standarder och en utvärdering görs för att se om detta kan bidra till en mer enhetlig hantering av 3D-stadsmodeller inom ett land. I artikel fem (Paper V) utvärderades om nu tillgängliga versioneringsmetoder för 3D-stadsmodeller kan uppfylla kraven från tillämpningar inom samhällsbyggnadsprocessen, samt om alla versioneringsmetoder är lämpliga för alla typer av ändamål. Slutligen, i artikel sex (Paper VI) utvärderade vi i vad som krävs och vilka frågor som måste besvaras för att versioneringsmetoder för 3D-stadsmodeller ska kunna användas i praktiken, eftersom versioneringsmetoder nu finns tillgängliga men ändå sällan används.
Avslutningsvis har denna avhandling beskrivit, utvecklat och utvärderat hur harmonisering av geografiska data kan förbättra det digitala informationsflödet. Huvudfokus har varit på 3D-byggnadsinformation i samhällsbyggnadsprocessen, men de flesta resultat gäller även för andra typer av information, framför allt för 3D-stadsmodeller och andra konstgjorda objekt så som vägar, tunnlar och broar. Resultaten ger en ökad förståelse för de frågor och problem som måste lösas för att uppnå ett effektivt digitalt flöde av geografisk information. De pekar även på vikten av att utföra detaljerade kravanalyser på tillämpningars behov innan implementering samt på att användandet av riktlinjer kan bidra till en mer ändamålsenlig användning av standarder.
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Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Professor Coors, Volker, Hochschule für Teechnik Stuttgart
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Data harmonisation, schema extension, 3D buildings, 3D city models, GeoBIM, lifecycle and version management, emporal information, user requirements, Guidelines, Hydrography
edition
1
pages
73 pages
publisher
Lund University
defense location
Pangea Sölvegatan 12, Lund Join via zoom: https://lu-se.zoom.us/u/cv001oAZz Password: 857891
defense date
2020-11-20 13:00:00
ISBN
978-91-985015-8-2
978-91-985015-7-5
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
4c78c108-9651-41f1-a839-1c70d7419842
date added to LUP
2020-10-21 13:53:38
date last changed
2020-12-04 11:11:18
@phdthesis{4c78c108-9651-41f1-a839-1c70d7419842,
  abstract     = {{Data harmonisation is a prerequisite for smart cities, for a more efficient information flow in the planning and building process and for many applications in the urban environment. Ideally, data harmonisation will result in a digital information flow that include information from the whole lifecycle of a feature, for example for buildings, roads and tunnels. All actors and applications involved in this process should be able to retrieve the information they require. This in turn contributes among others to the development of more sustainable cities and to reduce the shortage of housing, which is an issue in many urban areas around the world. There are still many obstacles to overcome before such well-functioning digital information flow can be achieved. In this thesis harmonisation of geographic data is studied from different technical perspectives, that is data harmonisation between geographic levels, between hierarchic structures, and over time.<br/>Standards for geographic data often focuses primarily on a certain geographic level. Examples of this are the INSPIRE directive with the main focus on cross-border applications at a European level; and the Swedish water system standard that has a national focus. That is, there are no harmonisation between the geographic levels. In Paper I we extended the INSPIRE specification for hydrography with all additional information in the Swedish water system standard to evaluate if this would achieve a more harmonised information exchange between geographic levels from both a user and a data provider perspective.<br/>Papers II – VI have a focus on 3D building information in the planning and building process and on how the digital information flow within this process can be improved for urban environment applications. 3D building information is an important part of this process and much would be gained if digital standardised information is easily available throughout the lifecycle of the building. In Paper II we evaluated the consequences of having similar but not identical definitions in standards that are related. In Paper III we created and evaluated whether guidelines could contribute to a more uniform creation of datasets, regardless of which data source is used. Paper IV is devoted to a proposal to a national building standard. It is based on national requirements and international standards and an evaluation is performed to see if this could contribute to a more uniform management of 3D city models within a country. Paper V evaluated if currently available versioning methods for 3D city models can fulfil requirements from applications in the planning and building process, and if all versioning methods are suitable for all purposes. Finally, in Paper VI we evaluated what is required and what are the issues that must be solved before versioning methods for 3D city models are used in practice, as versioning methods currently are available, but are rarely used.<br/>To conclude, this thesis has described, developed and evaluated how harmonisation of geographic data can improve the digital information flow. The main focus was on 3D building information in the planning and building process, but most of the findings are also applicable on other types of information, especially on 3D city models and on other man-made themes such as roads, tunnels and bridges. The results give an increased understanding about issues that must be solved to achieve an efficient digital flow of geographic information. It also points out the importance of performing detailed requirements analyses on application needs before implementation and that the usage of guidelines can contribute to a more streamlined usage of standards.<br/>}},
  author       = {{Eriksson, Helen}},
  isbn         = {{978-91-985015-8-2}},
  keywords     = {{Data harmonisation; schema extension; 3D buildings; 3D city models; GeoBIM; lifecycle and version management; emporal information; user requirements; Guidelines; Hydrography}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{10}},
  publisher    = {{Lund University}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  title        = {{Harmonisation of 3D geodata : a prerequisite for a digital information flow for applications in the planning and building sector}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/85632075/Helen_Eriksson_web.pdf}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}