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Novel actions of thrombin-derived host defense peptides

Hansen, Finja LU (2018) In Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2018(89).
Abstract
Thrombin-derived C-terminal peptides (TCPs) constitute a novel class of immunomodulatory host defense peptides, generated during infection and inflammation. Previous investigations have shown that TCPs of 2-3 kDa inhibit pro-inflammatory immune responses in vitro and in vivo, but their mode of action remained unclear. Paper I shows that the prototypic TCP GKY25 binds to LPS, thereby preventing TLR4 dimerization and subsequent activation of downstream signaling pathways in monocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, we found that GKY25 blocks TLR4- and TLR2-induced NF-κB/AP-1 activation in response to several other microbial-derived agonists as well. Whereas the first publication explains the effect of GKY25 on cell activation by... (More)
Thrombin-derived C-terminal peptides (TCPs) constitute a novel class of immunomodulatory host defense peptides, generated during infection and inflammation. Previous investigations have shown that TCPs of 2-3 kDa inhibit pro-inflammatory immune responses in vitro and in vivo, but their mode of action remained unclear. Paper I shows that the prototypic TCP GKY25 binds to LPS, thereby preventing TLR4 dimerization and subsequent activation of downstream signaling pathways in monocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, we found that GKY25 blocks TLR4- and TLR2-induced NF-κB/AP-1 activation in response to several other microbial-derived agonists as well. Whereas the first publication explains the effect of GKY25 on cell activation by purified bacterial components, the effect of GKY25 on whole bacteria and their interaction with immune cells remained unclear. In paper II we show the presence of TCPs in chronic and acute wound fluids, and that GKY25 binds to Gram-negative bacteria in the extra- and intracellular environment and reduces the pro-inflammatory immune response of monocytes/macrophages while preserving their important phagocytic function. During the investigations of the modes of action of TCPs, we observed that GKY25 is internalized in monocytes and macrophages. However, the exact uptake mechanism remained unknown. Therefore, in paper III we show that TCPs of 2-3 kDa are differently internalized by clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis pathways in monocytes and macrophages, depending on the type of cells, the length of the peptide, and the presence of LPS or bacteria. Internalized GKY25 was transported to lysosomes, where it remained detectable for up to 10 h. Finally, paper IV describes a TCP of about 11 kDa, which forms amorphous aggregates in the presence of LPS and Gram-negative bacteria, leading to scavenging, phagocytosis, and killing. Taken together, herein we show that the multifunctional TCPs play a physiological role during infection and inflammation, and have therapeutic potential by modulating multiple interactions involving bacteria, endotoxins, and
inflammatory cell responses. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Harder, Jürgen, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Host defense peptides, Thrombin, Monocytes/Macrophages, Gram-negative bacteria, LPS, TLR, Phagocytosis, Inflammation, Endocytosis
in
Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series
volume
2018
issue
89
pages
38 pages
publisher
Lund University: Faculty of Medicine
defense location
Belfragesalen, BMC D15, Klinikgatan 32 i Lund
defense date
2018-06-08 13:00:00
ISSN
1652-8220
ISBN
978-91-7619-655-7
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2018:89
id
4d50b2c1-eebc-416b-9ffb-b2f4605ffae7
date added to LUP
2018-05-21 09:04:13
date last changed
2020-03-13 10:38:00
@phdthesis{4d50b2c1-eebc-416b-9ffb-b2f4605ffae7,
  abstract     = {{Thrombin-derived C-terminal peptides (TCPs) constitute a novel class of immunomodulatory host defense peptides, generated during infection and inflammation. Previous investigations have shown that TCPs of 2-3 kDa inhibit pro-inflammatory immune responses <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, but their mode of action remained unclear. Paper I shows that the prototypic TCP GKY25 binds to LPS, thereby preventing TLR4 dimerization and subsequent activation of downstream signaling pathways in monocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, we found that GKY25 blocks TLR4- and TLR2-induced NF-κB/AP-1 activation in response to several other microbial-derived agonists as well. Whereas the first publication explains the effect of GKY25 on cell activation by purified bacterial components, the effect of GKY25 on whole bacteria and their interaction with immune cells remained unclear. In paper II we show the presence of TCPs in chronic and acute wound fluids, and that GKY25 binds to Gram-negative bacteria in the extra- and intracellular environment and reduces the pro-inflammatory immune response of monocytes/macrophages while preserving their important phagocytic function. During the investigations of the modes of action of TCPs, we observed that GKY25 is internalized in monocytes and macrophages. However, the exact uptake mechanism remained unknown. Therefore, in paper III we show that TCPs of 2-3 kDa are differently internalized by clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis pathways in monocytes and macrophages, depending on the type of cells, the length of the peptide, and the presence of LPS or bacteria. Internalized GKY25 was transported to lysosomes, where it remained detectable for up to 10 h. Finally, paper IV describes a TCP of about 11 kDa, which forms amorphous aggregates in the presence of LPS and Gram-negative bacteria, leading to scavenging, phagocytosis, and killing. Taken together, herein we show that the multifunctional TCPs play a physiological role during infection and inflammation, and have therapeutic potential by modulating multiple interactions involving bacteria, endotoxins, and<br/>inflammatory cell responses.}},
  author       = {{Hansen, Finja}},
  isbn         = {{978-91-7619-655-7}},
  issn         = {{1652-8220}},
  keywords     = {{Host defense peptides; Thrombin; Monocytes/Macrophages; Gram-negative bacteria; LPS; TLR; Phagocytosis; Inflammation; Endocytosis}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{89}},
  publisher    = {{Lund University: Faculty of Medicine}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  series       = {{Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series}},
  title        = {{Novel actions of thrombin-derived host defense peptides}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/45496449/Finja_Hansen.pdf}},
  volume       = {{2018}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}