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Variation in DRD4 gene methylation in wild great tits is associated with behavioural tolerance to human disturbance but not with habitat urbanization

Ágh, Nóra ; Bánlaki, Zsófia ; Horváth, Olimpia ; Árpási, Zalán ; Vincze, Ernö LU ; Seress, Gábor ; Mihalik, Bendegúz ; Kovács, Bálint ; Bukor, Boglárka and Pipoly, Ivett , et al. (2025) In Journal of Avian Biology 2025(5).
Abstract
The increasing presence and activities of people in both urban environments and non-urban areas result in the exposure of many wild animal populations to persistent human disturbance. As a response, individuals in disturbed populations often become tolerant towards humans, which can have significant ecological and societal consequences, for example by affecting ecosystem services and human–wildlife conflicts. Although several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the emergence and spread of disturbance tolerance, their biological bases are rarely investigated in natural populations. In this study, we investigated behavioural tolerance in great tits Parus major along urbanization gradients of two cities representing different levels of... (More)
The increasing presence and activities of people in both urban environments and non-urban areas result in the exposure of many wild animal populations to persistent human disturbance. As a response, individuals in disturbed populations often become tolerant towards humans, which can have significant ecological and societal consequences, for example by affecting ecosystem services and human–wildlife conflicts. Although several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the emergence and spread of disturbance tolerance, their biological bases are rarely investigated in natural populations. In this study, we investigated behavioural tolerance in great tits Parus major along urbanization gradients of two cities representing different levels of human disturbance. Specifically, we studied whether variation in disturbance tolerance is related to epigenetic variation in the DRD4 gene that is often linked to behavioural plasticity. We did not detect differences in DNA methylation at 23 CpG sites between wild great tit populations breeding in differently urbanized areas. However, variation in methylation at some CpG sites was associated with two proxies of tolerance, return latency and the vigilance behaviour of parent birds measured after standardized disturbance. These findings suggest that epigenetic variation may be involved in the processes generating behavioural tolerance to human disturbance. These results have implications for understanding the mechanisms by which animal populations can respond to disturbances in human-dominated environments. (Less)
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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Journal of Avian Biology
volume
2025
issue
5
article number
e03478
publisher
Wiley-Blackwell
external identifiers
  • scopus:105019692935
ISSN
0908-8857
DOI
10.1002/jav.03478
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
50f57f6d-95ad-4243-a4d7-f5860d3ff007
date added to LUP
2025-12-02 15:36:03
date last changed
2025-12-10 15:04:52
@article{50f57f6d-95ad-4243-a4d7-f5860d3ff007,
  abstract     = {{The increasing presence and activities of people in both urban environments and non-urban areas result in the exposure of many wild animal populations to persistent human disturbance. As a response, individuals in disturbed populations often become tolerant towards humans, which can have significant ecological and societal consequences, for example by affecting ecosystem services and human–wildlife conflicts. Although several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the emergence and spread of disturbance tolerance, their biological bases are rarely investigated in natural populations. In this study, we investigated behavioural tolerance in great tits Parus major along urbanization gradients of two cities representing different levels of human disturbance. Specifically, we studied whether variation in disturbance tolerance is related to epigenetic variation in the DRD4 gene that is often linked to behavioural plasticity. We did not detect differences in DNA methylation at 23 CpG sites between wild great tit populations breeding in differently urbanized areas. However, variation in methylation at some CpG sites was associated with two proxies of tolerance, return latency and the vigilance behaviour of parent birds measured after standardized disturbance. These findings suggest that epigenetic variation may be involved in the processes generating behavioural tolerance to human disturbance. These results have implications for understanding the mechanisms by which animal populations can respond to disturbances in human-dominated environments.}},
  author       = {{Ágh, Nóra and Bánlaki, Zsófia and Horváth, Olimpia and Árpási, Zalán and Vincze, Ernö and Seress, Gábor and Mihalik, Bendegúz and Kovács, Bálint and Bukor, Boglárka and Pipoly, Ivett and Barna, János and Rónai, Zsolt and Liker, András}},
  issn         = {{0908-8857}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{10}},
  number       = {{5}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley-Blackwell}},
  series       = {{Journal of Avian Biology}},
  title        = {{Variation in DRD4 gene methylation in wild great tits is associated with behavioural tolerance to human disturbance but not with habitat urbanization}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jav.03478}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/jav.03478}},
  volume       = {{2025}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}