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Expression and function of vascular estrogen receptors alpha and beta

Liang, Min LU (2004)
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ER) are expressed not only in classical target organs for estrogen like breast and uterus, but also in male reproductive system as well as in non-reproductive organs such as brain, liver and bone. The functions of ER are quite well known in reproductive organs but less information is available regarding their function in vascular tissue. The objective of this thesis was to investigate expression and function of vascular ER.



Both ERa and b were expressed in vascular wall as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) ERa and b were co-expressed in the nuclei. The selective ERb agonist genistein (100 nM) stimulated vascular protein synthesis... (More)
Estrogen receptors (ER) are expressed not only in classical target organs for estrogen like breast and uterus, but also in male reproductive system as well as in non-reproductive organs such as brain, liver and bone. The functions of ER are quite well known in reproductive organs but less information is available regarding their function in vascular tissue. The objective of this thesis was to investigate expression and function of vascular ER.



Both ERa and b were expressed in vascular wall as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) ERa and b were co-expressed in the nuclei. The selective ERb agonist genistein (100 nM) stimulated vascular protein synthesis determined by [3H]leucine incorporation and this effect was blocked by the pure ER antagonist ICI 182780. DNA synthesis was not affected by genistein treatment, suggesting that genistein-induced stimulation of protein synthesis is not associated with vascular growth. The overall vascular protein expression, determined by SDS PAGE, was identical in mice lacking functional ERb (BERKO), lacking both ERa and b (DERKO) and in wild type (WT) mice. The vascular morphology, media thickness and wall to lumen ratio were not different in DERKO mice compared to WT animals. The force response to noradrenaline was similar in intact aorta from DERKO and WT mice both in the absence and presence of the NOS inhibitor L-NAME and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. Interestingly, the vascular iNOS expression was lower in DERKO mice compared to WT animals, whereas eNOS expression was not affected by lack of both ERa and b. DNA microarray analysis suggested that estrogens down-regulated the vascular expression of a group of inflammatory genes. Real-time PCR showed that 17b-estradiol (E2) attenuated the LPS-induced vascular expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). The inhibitory effect of E2 was blocked by ICI 182780, suggesting that estrogen reduces vascular recruitment of monocytes/macrophages in an ER-dependent manner. The expression of full-length 66 kDa ERa in cultured VSMCs was increased by E2 treatment within 7 h in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, suggesting that E2 induces a conformational change in the ERa protein. Full-length 54 kDa ERb expression was not affected by E2 treatment in the presence of protein synthesis inhibition. Treatment of VSMCs with the proteasome inhibitior epoxomicin for 3 days caused significant increase in ERa but not ERb expression both in the absence and presence of E2, suggesting that ERa but not ERb is degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Det kvinnliga könshormonet östrogen utövar sin effekt via två bindningsprotein (receptorer) benämnda ERa och ERb. Då östrogen binder till receptorn aktiverar alternativt inaktiverar detta komplex sekvenser av DNA molekylen. Således reglerar den aktiverade receptorn för östrogen genaktivitet och därmed syntes av proteiner viktiga för den normala cell- och vävnadsfunktionen. Trots mycket arbete är långtifrån alla de proteiner som styrs av ERa och ERb identifierade. Den mesta kunskapen om ERa och ERb härrör från studier på bröst och livmoder som är klassiska målorgan för östrogen. Däremot vet vi mindre om hur ERa och ERb proteinerna uttrycks och regleras i blodkärl. Dessutom är vår kunskap om de... (More)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Det kvinnliga könshormonet östrogen utövar sin effekt via två bindningsprotein (receptorer) benämnda ERa och ERb. Då östrogen binder till receptorn aktiverar alternativt inaktiverar detta komplex sekvenser av DNA molekylen. Således reglerar den aktiverade receptorn för östrogen genaktivitet och därmed syntes av proteiner viktiga för den normala cell- och vävnadsfunktionen. Trots mycket arbete är långtifrån alla de proteiner som styrs av ERa och ERb identifierade. Den mesta kunskapen om ERa och ERb härrör från studier på bröst och livmoder som är klassiska målorgan för östrogen. Däremot vet vi mindre om hur ERa och ERb proteinerna uttrycks och regleras i blodkärl. Dessutom är vår kunskap om de funktionella effekterna av aktivering av blodkärlens ERa och ERb med östrogen begränsad. Målet med detta arbete har varit att erhålla ytterligare kunskap om lokalisering och reglering av ERa och ERb i blodkärl samt att öka förståelsen för östrogens inverkan på blodkärlens struktur och funktion.



Studierna har utförts på bitar av stora kroppspulsådern, aorta, som erhållits från honmöss samt på odlade muskelceller som erhållits genom att celler tillåtits växa ut från små bitar av aorta. Aortas struktur har undersökts med morfologiska tekniker och dess förmåga att utveckla kraft har undersökts efter aktivering med noradrenalin. ERa och ERb har identifierats och kvantifierats med hjälp av antikroppar. Bitarna av aorta liksom cellerna har behandlats med eller utan östrogen i cell/vävnadsodlingsinkubator och sedan har proteinsyntes, proteinuttryck och genaktivitet bestämts. Undersökningar av ERa och ERb proteinernas stabilitet, deras nedbrytning och reglering har utförts på odlade muskelceller.



Såväl ERa som ERb uttrycks i blodkärlens celler. Receptorerna finns framförallt i cellkärnorna. Aktiveras ERa och ERb med östrogen stimuleras proteinsyntesen vilket visar att receptorerna utövar sin funktion. Morfologin och väggtjockleken hos aorta är densamma hos genetiskt intakta möss samt hos möss där generna som kodar för ERa och ERb saknas. Däremot är uttrycket av proteinet inducerbart kväveoxid syntas (iNOS) lägre i blodkärl från möss som saknar ERa och ERb. Detta enzym aktiveras i samband med inflammatoriska processer. Lipopolysackarid (LPS) är en bakterieväggsbeståndsdel som inducerar en inflammationsreaktion. Behandlas aorta med LPS aktiveras gener som styr bildningen av proteinerna ”macrophage inflammatory protein-2” (MIP-2) och ”monocyte chemoattractant protein-1” (MCP-1). Dessa proteiner styr rekrytering av monocyter/makrofager till den experimentella kärlinflammationen. Aktiviteten hos båda dessa gener hämmas av östrogen. Sålunda tycks östrogen kunna modulera aktiviteten hos gener som är inblandade i den inflammatoriska reaktionen. ERb proteinet i kärlväggens muskelceller förefaller vara ett mycket stabilt protein med lång halveringstid. Till skillnad mot ERb bryts ERa proteinet ned via det så kallade proteasomsystemet. Proteasomen är ett komplex av proteinnedbrytande enzym som aktiveras av en serie enzymatiska reaktioner och påkoppling av det lilla proteinet ubiquitin. Denna reaktion sker oavsett om östrogen finns närvarande eller ej.



Den nya kunskap om kärlväggens ERa och ERb som erhållits genom detta arbete kan i framtiden bidra till att skapa substanser med gynnsamma effekter på blodkärlsväggen och som via ERa och/eller ERb eller via någon annan mekanism enbart påverkar kärlfunktionen och ej andra organ såsom bröst och livmoder. En sådan för blodkärlen gynnsam effekt skulle kunna vidarutvecklas till läkemedel för den stora gruppen av patienter som löper risk för att utveckla eller redan lider av hjärt/kärl-sjukdom. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Dr Warner, Margaret, Institutionen för Biovetenskaper, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Endocrinology, secreting systems, diabetologi, diabetology, Endokrinologi, sekretion, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, MIP-2, MCP-1, iNOS, estrogen receptor knockout, estrogen receptor, aorta, estrogen
pages
84 pages
publisher
Min Liang, BMC F12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden,
defense location
Segerfalkssalen, BMC
defense date
2004-12-01 10:15:00
ISBN
91-628-6288-X
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Article: I. Liang M., Ekblad E., Gustafsson J-Å., Nilsson B-O. (2001). Stimulation of vascular protein synthesis by activation of estrogen receptor b. J Endocrin. 171: 417-423. Article: II. Liang M., Ekblad E., Lydrup M-L., Nilsson B-O. (2003). Combined lack of estrogen receptors a and b affects vascular iNOS protein expression. Cell Tissue Res. 313: 63-70. Article: III. Gao H.*, Liang M.*, Bergdahl A., Gustafsson J-Å, Dahlman-Wright K., Nilsson B-O. Estrogen attenuates vascular expression of inflammation associated genes. Manuscript. (* Have contributed equally to the study) Article: IV. Liang M., Nilsson B-O. (2004). Proteasome dependent degradation of ERa but not ERb in cultured mouse aorta smooth muscle cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 224: 65-71.
id
53563e55-92b6-474b-b8cc-4d7e192260e5 (old id 467545)
date added to LUP
2016-04-04 10:45:25
date last changed
2018-11-21 21:00:36
@phdthesis{53563e55-92b6-474b-b8cc-4d7e192260e5,
  abstract     = {{Estrogen receptors (ER) are expressed not only in classical target organs for estrogen like breast and uterus, but also in male reproductive system as well as in non-reproductive organs such as brain, liver and bone. The functions of ER are quite well known in reproductive organs but less information is available regarding their function in vascular tissue. The objective of this thesis was to investigate expression and function of vascular ER.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
Both ERa and b were expressed in vascular wall as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) ERa and b were co-expressed in the nuclei. The selective ERb agonist genistein (100 nM) stimulated vascular protein synthesis determined by [3H]leucine incorporation and this effect was blocked by the pure ER antagonist ICI 182780. DNA synthesis was not affected by genistein treatment, suggesting that genistein-induced stimulation of protein synthesis is not associated with vascular growth. The overall vascular protein expression, determined by SDS PAGE, was identical in mice lacking functional ERb (BERKO), lacking both ERa and b (DERKO) and in wild type (WT) mice. The vascular morphology, media thickness and wall to lumen ratio were not different in DERKO mice compared to WT animals. The force response to noradrenaline was similar in intact aorta from DERKO and WT mice both in the absence and presence of the NOS inhibitor L-NAME and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. Interestingly, the vascular iNOS expression was lower in DERKO mice compared to WT animals, whereas eNOS expression was not affected by lack of both ERa and b. DNA microarray analysis suggested that estrogens down-regulated the vascular expression of a group of inflammatory genes. Real-time PCR showed that 17b-estradiol (E2) attenuated the LPS-induced vascular expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). The inhibitory effect of E2 was blocked by ICI 182780, suggesting that estrogen reduces vascular recruitment of monocytes/macrophages in an ER-dependent manner. The expression of full-length 66 kDa ERa in cultured VSMCs was increased by E2 treatment within 7 h in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, suggesting that E2 induces a conformational change in the ERa protein. Full-length 54 kDa ERb expression was not affected by E2 treatment in the presence of protein synthesis inhibition. Treatment of VSMCs with the proteasome inhibitior epoxomicin for 3 days caused significant increase in ERa but not ERb expression both in the absence and presence of E2, suggesting that ERa but not ERb is degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.}},
  author       = {{Liang, Min}},
  isbn         = {{91-628-6288-X}},
  keywords     = {{Endocrinology; secreting systems; diabetologi; diabetology; Endokrinologi; sekretion; ubiquitin-proteasome pathway; MIP-2; MCP-1; iNOS; estrogen receptor knockout; estrogen receptor; aorta; estrogen}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Min Liang, BMC F12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden,}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  title        = {{Expression and function of vascular estrogen receptors alpha and beta}},
  year         = {{2004}},
}