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Mutation screening of the BTK gene in 56 families with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA): 47 unique mutations without correlation to clinical course

Holinski-Feder, E ; Weiss, M ; Brandau, O ; Jedele, KB ; Nore, B ; Backesjo, CM ; Vihinen, Mauno LU orcid ; Hubbard, SR ; Belohradsky, BH and Smith, CIE , et al. (1998) In Pediatrics 101(2). p.276-284
Abstract
Objectives. To determine the utility of single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis for mutation screening in the BTK (Bruton's tyrosine kinase) gene, we investigated 56 X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) families. To obtain genotype/ phenotype correlations, predicted protein aberrations were correlated with the clinical course of the disease. Patients. This study included 56 patients with XLA, with or without a positive family history, who were diagnosed on the basis of their clinical features, low peripheral B-cell count, and low immunoglobulin levels. Ten patients with isolated hypogammaglobulinemia and 50 healthy males served as controls. Methods. SSCP analysis was performed for the entire BTK gene, including the... (More)
Objectives. To determine the utility of single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis for mutation screening in the BTK (Bruton's tyrosine kinase) gene, we investigated 56 X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) families. To obtain genotype/ phenotype correlations, predicted protein aberrations were correlated with the clinical course of the disease. Patients. This study included 56 patients with XLA, with or without a positive family history, who were diagnosed on the basis of their clinical features, low peripheral B-cell count, and low immunoglobulin levels. Ten patients with isolated hypogammaglobulinemia and 50 healthy males served as controls. Methods. SSCP analysis was performed for the entire BTK gene, including the exon-intron boundaries and the promoter region. Structural implications of the missense mutations were investigated by molecular modeling, and the functional consequences of some mutations also were evaluated by in vitro kinase assays and Western blot analysis. Results. We report the largest series of patients with XLA to date. All but 5 of the 56 index patients with XLA screened with SSCP analysis showed BTK gene abnormalities, and in 2 of the 5 SSCP-negative patients, no BTK protein was found by Western blot analysis. There were 51 mutations, including 37 novel ones, distributed across the entire gene. This report contains the first promoter mutation as well as 14 novel missense mutations with the first ones described for the Tec homology domain and the glycine-rich motif in the SH1 domain. Each index patient had a different mutation, except for four mutations, each in two unrelated individuals. This result supports the strong tendency for private mutations in this disease. No mutations were found in the controls. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that molecular genetic testing by SSCP analysis provides an accurate tool for the definitive diagnosis of XLA and the discrimination of borderline cases, such as certain hypogammaglobulinemia or common variable immunodeficiency patients with overlapping clinical features. Genotype/phenotype correlations are not currently possible, making prediction of the clinical course based on molecular genetic data infeasible. (Less)
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publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
X-linked agammaglobulinemia, mutation, Bruton's tyrosine kinase
in
Pediatrics
volume
101
issue
2
pages
276 - 284
publisher
American Academy of Pediatrics
external identifiers
  • wos:000071758100015
  • scopus:18544400057
ISSN
1098-4275
DOI
10.1542/peds.101.2.276
language
English
LU publication?
no
id
55d51ac2-3ed0-482e-81a6-475779929018 (old id 3852585)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 16:10:06
date last changed
2022-01-28 17:44:39
@article{55d51ac2-3ed0-482e-81a6-475779929018,
  abstract     = {{Objectives. To determine the utility of single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis for mutation screening in the BTK (Bruton's tyrosine kinase) gene, we investigated 56 X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) families. To obtain genotype/ phenotype correlations, predicted protein aberrations were correlated with the clinical course of the disease. Patients. This study included 56 patients with XLA, with or without a positive family history, who were diagnosed on the basis of their clinical features, low peripheral B-cell count, and low immunoglobulin levels. Ten patients with isolated hypogammaglobulinemia and 50 healthy males served as controls. Methods. SSCP analysis was performed for the entire BTK gene, including the exon-intron boundaries and the promoter region. Structural implications of the missense mutations were investigated by molecular modeling, and the functional consequences of some mutations also were evaluated by in vitro kinase assays and Western blot analysis. Results. We report the largest series of patients with XLA to date. All but 5 of the 56 index patients with XLA screened with SSCP analysis showed BTK gene abnormalities, and in 2 of the 5 SSCP-negative patients, no BTK protein was found by Western blot analysis. There were 51 mutations, including 37 novel ones, distributed across the entire gene. This report contains the first promoter mutation as well as 14 novel missense mutations with the first ones described for the Tec homology domain and the glycine-rich motif in the SH1 domain. Each index patient had a different mutation, except for four mutations, each in two unrelated individuals. This result supports the strong tendency for private mutations in this disease. No mutations were found in the controls. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that molecular genetic testing by SSCP analysis provides an accurate tool for the definitive diagnosis of XLA and the discrimination of borderline cases, such as certain hypogammaglobulinemia or common variable immunodeficiency patients with overlapping clinical features. Genotype/phenotype correlations are not currently possible, making prediction of the clinical course based on molecular genetic data infeasible.}},
  author       = {{Holinski-Feder, E and Weiss, M and Brandau, O and Jedele, KB and Nore, B and Backesjo, CM and Vihinen, Mauno and Hubbard, SR and Belohradsky, BH and Smith, CIE and Meindl, A}},
  issn         = {{1098-4275}},
  keywords     = {{X-linked agammaglobulinemia; mutation; Bruton's tyrosine kinase}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{276--284}},
  publisher    = {{American Academy of Pediatrics}},
  series       = {{Pediatrics}},
  title        = {{Mutation screening of the BTK gene in 56 families with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA): 47 unique mutations without correlation to clinical course}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.101.2.276}},
  doi          = {{10.1542/peds.101.2.276}},
  volume       = {{101}},
  year         = {{1998}},
}