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From the pancreatic beta cell to the endothelium:Pathophysiological aspects of Type 2 Diabetes

Dekker Nitert, Marloes LU (2007) In Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2007:152.
Abstract
The incidence of Diabetes Mellitus increases globally in epidemic proportions. Type 2 Diabetes is the most prevalent form of Diabetes, comprising 90% of the patients. In Type 2 Diabetes, two processes contribute to the development of the disease: insufficient insulin secretion from the pancreatic ?-cell and insulin resistance of the target organs. This leads to loss of control of blood glucose levels, which characterize Diabetes. Even while blood glucose levels can be controlled by a variety of life-style and pharmacological interventions, complications often arise. These complications include cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. In this thesis, different aspects of pathophysiological mechanisms in Type 2... (More)
The incidence of Diabetes Mellitus increases globally in epidemic proportions. Type 2 Diabetes is the most prevalent form of Diabetes, comprising 90% of the patients. In Type 2 Diabetes, two processes contribute to the development of the disease: insufficient insulin secretion from the pancreatic ?-cell and insulin resistance of the target organs. This leads to loss of control of blood glucose levels, which characterize Diabetes. Even while blood glucose levels can be controlled by a variety of life-style and pharmacological interventions, complications often arise. These complications include cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. In this thesis, different aspects of pathophysiological mechanisms in Type 2 Diabetes were studied. The aims were (i) to identify the voltage-gated calcium channel that is coupled to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the rat clonal ?-cell line INS-1 832/13; (ii) to investigate the mechanism of ?-cell adaptation in the C57BL/6J mouse model of insulin resistance; (iii) to determine whether spontaneous glucose tolerance was a feature in the RIP2-Cre mouse model which is often used for ?-cell specific knockout of genes; and (iv) to study the presence of insulin receptors and IGF-I receptors in human endothelial cells of different origin. It was established that CaV1.2 was the main voltage-gated calcium channel coupled to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 832/13 cells, confirming previous results obtained from mouse ?-cells. C57BL/6J mice on a high-fat diet become insulin resistant but do not develop Diabetes. The hypersecretion of insulin from the ?-cells of these animals is due to a shift in metabolic fuels from glucose to fatty acids and amino acids. The ?-cells of these mice have a high fat content that might interfere with the function of glucose transporters. Furthermore, an increase in mitochondrial mass was observed in the ?-cells of insulin-resistant C57BL/6J mice. All these alterations are part of the ?-cell adaptation, which enables the mice to secrete sufficient insulin in order to prevent the development of overt Diabetes. C57BL/6J mice were also used to backcross RIP2-Cre mice onto. Absence of the recently reported five-exon deletion in the nnt gene in the C57BL/6J mice used, contributed to normal glucose tolerance in both mice strains studied. The expression of Cre recombinase did not affect glucose tolerance and this mouse strain on this background can be used in ?-cell specific knockout studies. Human endothelial cells from coronary artery and umbilical vein expressed more IGF-I receptors than insulin receptors. Indications for the presence of insulin/IGF-I hybrid receptors were found in both endothelial cell types. These results reflect the importance of IGF-I in the development of vascular complications of Diabetes Mellitus. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Professor Dr Rutter, Guy, Department of Cell Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
sekretion, diabetologi, diabetology, insulin secretion, beta cells, glucose tolerance, insulin receptors, IGF-I receptors, endothelial cells, Endokrinologi, Type 2 Diabetes, secreting systems, Endocrinology
in
Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series
volume
2007:152
pages
120 pages
publisher
Faculty of Medicine, Lund University
defense location
Segerfalksalen, Wallenberg Neurocentrum, Sölvegatan 17, Lund
defense date
2007-11-30 09:00:00
ISSN
1652-8220
ISBN
978-91-85897-30-8
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Malin Fex, Marloes Dekker Nitert, Nils Wierup, Frank Sundler, Charlotte Ling and Hindrik Mulder. 2007. Enhanced mitochondrial metabolism may account for the adaptation to insulin resistance in islets from C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. Diabetologia, vol 50 pp 74-83. Springer
Malin Fex, Nils Wierup, Marloes Dekker Nitert, Michael Ristow and Hindrik Mulder. 2007. Rat insulin promoter 2-Cre recombinase mice bred onto a pure C57BL/6J bacground exhibit unaltered glucose tolerance. Journal of Endocrinology, vol 194 pp 551-555. The Society for Endocrinology
Marloes Dekker Nitert, Anna Wendt, Lena Eliasson and Hindrik Mulder. 2007. CaV1.2 rather than CaV1.3 is coupled to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 832/13 cells (manuscript)
Marloes Dekker Nitert, Simona Chisalita, Karolina Olsson, Karin Bornfeldt and Hans Arnqvist. 2005. IGF-I/insulin hybrid receptors in human endothelial cells Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, vol 229 pp 31-37. Elsevier
Simona Chisalita, Marloes Dekker Nitert and Hans Arnqvist. 2006. Characterisation of receptors for IGF-I and insulin; evidence for hybrid insulin/IGF-I receptor in human coronary artery endothelial cells Growth hormone and IGF research, vol 16 pp 258-266. Elsevier
id
ad58e06a-4350-4006-9e0c-9804ff2f37bd (old id 599281)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 16:44:40
date last changed
2019-05-21 14:23:03
@phdthesis{ad58e06a-4350-4006-9e0c-9804ff2f37bd,
  abstract     = {{The incidence of Diabetes Mellitus increases globally in epidemic proportions. Type 2 Diabetes is the most prevalent form of Diabetes, comprising 90% of the patients. In Type 2 Diabetes, two processes contribute to the development of the disease: insufficient insulin secretion from the pancreatic ?-cell and insulin resistance of the target organs. This leads to loss of control of blood glucose levels, which characterize Diabetes. Even while blood glucose levels can be controlled by a variety of life-style and pharmacological interventions, complications often arise. These complications include cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. In this thesis, different aspects of pathophysiological mechanisms in Type 2 Diabetes were studied. The aims were (i) to identify the voltage-gated calcium channel that is coupled to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the rat clonal ?-cell line INS-1 832/13; (ii) to investigate the mechanism of ?-cell adaptation in the C57BL/6J mouse model of insulin resistance; (iii) to determine whether spontaneous glucose tolerance was a feature in the RIP2-Cre mouse model which is often used for ?-cell specific knockout of genes; and (iv) to study the presence of insulin receptors and IGF-I receptors in human endothelial cells of different origin. It was established that CaV1.2 was the main voltage-gated calcium channel coupled to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 832/13 cells, confirming previous results obtained from mouse ?-cells. C57BL/6J mice on a high-fat diet become insulin resistant but do not develop Diabetes. The hypersecretion of insulin from the ?-cells of these animals is due to a shift in metabolic fuels from glucose to fatty acids and amino acids. The ?-cells of these mice have a high fat content that might interfere with the function of glucose transporters. Furthermore, an increase in mitochondrial mass was observed in the ?-cells of insulin-resistant C57BL/6J mice. All these alterations are part of the ?-cell adaptation, which enables the mice to secrete sufficient insulin in order to prevent the development of overt Diabetes. C57BL/6J mice were also used to backcross RIP2-Cre mice onto. Absence of the recently reported five-exon deletion in the nnt gene in the C57BL/6J mice used, contributed to normal glucose tolerance in both mice strains studied. The expression of Cre recombinase did not affect glucose tolerance and this mouse strain on this background can be used in ?-cell specific knockout studies. Human endothelial cells from coronary artery and umbilical vein expressed more IGF-I receptors than insulin receptors. Indications for the presence of insulin/IGF-I hybrid receptors were found in both endothelial cell types. These results reflect the importance of IGF-I in the development of vascular complications of Diabetes Mellitus.}},
  author       = {{Dekker Nitert, Marloes}},
  isbn         = {{978-91-85897-30-8}},
  issn         = {{1652-8220}},
  keywords     = {{sekretion; diabetologi; diabetology; insulin secretion; beta cells; glucose tolerance; insulin receptors; IGF-I receptors; endothelial cells; Endokrinologi; Type 2 Diabetes; secreting systems; Endocrinology}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Faculty of Medicine, Lund University}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  series       = {{Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series}},
  title        = {{From the pancreatic beta cell to the endothelium:Pathophysiological aspects of Type 2 Diabetes}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/4767148/599282.pdf}},
  volume       = {{2007:152}},
  year         = {{2007}},
}